Effect of Compression and Anisotropy on the Diffusion of Glucose in Annulus Fibrosus

Jackson, Alicia R.; Yuan, Tai Yi; Huang, Chun Yuh; Travascio, Francesco; Gu, Wei Yong

doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e31815e4136

Cited by 68 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have reported the strain-dependent diffusivity behavior of different solutes in articular cartilage and IVD tissues [20,[24][25][26][27][28][29] but no study has investigated the stain-dependent behavior of oxygen diffusivity in IVD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that transport in IVD tissues is anisotropic (i.e., direction-dependent) [20,28,[38][39][40]. For instance, our earlier studies have shown that, for bovine AF tissue, diffusivity in the axial direction is approximately 1.5 times that in the radial direction [20,38]. Therefore, further investigation into the effects of compression on oxygen diffusivity in other directions (e.g., radial and circumferential) of AF, similar to our previous study on strain-dependent glucose diffusivity in bovine AF [20], is needed to better understand the anisotropy of oxygen transport in IVD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For bovine coccygeal AF, our previous study showed that water content was 76% at zero compression, and was estimated to decrease to 75%, 72%, and 68% under 5%, 15%, and 25% compressive strains, respectively [20]. A decrease in the water content of IVD tissue results in decreased pore size of the tissue [10,12,14,20,29,[33][34][35][36]. Because the main factor governing the relative diffusivity in cartilaginous tissues is the ratio of solute size to the pore size of the tissue [31,37], see Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1), a linear distribution of concentration within the specimen has been assumed. The oxygen diffusivity may be calculated by [19,20]: (2) where C down (t o ) and C down (t) are the concentrations of oxygen in the downstream chamber at time t o (initial time) and t, respectively. To ensure that concentration distribution within the tissue is linear, oxygen diffusivity was calculated from the measured data using the final 15 minutes of the experiment (i.e, t o = 45 minutes and t − t o = 15 minutes).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Strain Dependent Oxygen Diffusivity in Bovine Annulus Fibrosus

Yuan

Jackson

Huang

et al. 2008

ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts a and B

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Background-The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the largest avascular structure in human body. Transport of small molecules in IVD is mainly through diffusion from the endplates and the peripheral blood vessels surrounding IVD. Studies have investigated the structure, chemical components and water content in IVD, but to our knowledge no study has investigated the effect of mechanical loading on oxygen transport in IVD. The objective of this study was to determine the stain-dependent behavior of oxygen diffusivity in IVD tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Strain Dependent Oxygen Diffusivity in Bovine Annulus Fibrosus

Yuan

Jackson

Huang

et al. 2008

ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts a and B

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Relationship between solute transport properties and tissue morphology in human annulus fibrosus

Travascio

Jackson

Brown

et al. 2009

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Poor nutritional supply to the intervertebral disc is believed to be an important factor leading to disc degeneration. However, little is known regarding nutritional transport in human annulus fibrosus (AF) and its relation to tissue morphology. We hypothesized that solute diffusivity in human AF is anisotropic and inhomogeneous, and that transport behaviors are associated with tissue composition and structure. To test these hypotheses, we measured the direction-dependent diffusivity of a fluorescent molecule (fluorescein, 332 Da) in three regions of AF using a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique, and associated transport results to the regional variation in water content and collagen architecture in the tissue. Diffusivity in AF was anisotropic, with higher values in the axial direction than in the radial direction for all regions investigated. The values of the diffusion coefficient ranged from 0.38 AE 0.25 Â 10 À6 cm 2 /s (radial diffusivity in outer AF) to 2.68 AE 0.84 Â 10 À6 cm 2 /s (axial diffusivity in inner AF). In both directions, diffusivity decreased moving from inner to outer AF. Tissue structure was investigated using both scanning electron microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy. A unique arrangement of microtubes was found in human AF. Furthermore, we also found that the density of these microtubes varied moving from inner to outer AF. A similar trend of regional variation was found for water content, with the highest value also measured in inner AF. Therefore, we concluded that a relationship exists among the anisotropic and inhomogeneous diffusion in human AF and the structure and composition of the tissue. ß

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Mechanical loading affects the energy metabolism of intervertebral disc cells

Fernando

Czamanski

Yuan

et al. 2011

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Research has shown that mechanical loading affects matrix biosynthesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) cells; however the pathway(s) to this effect is currently unknown. Cellular matrix biosynthesis is an energy demanding process. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of static and dynamic compressive loading on energy metabolism of IVD cells. Porcine annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells seeded in 2% agarose were used in this experiment. Experimental groups included 15% static compression and 0.1 and 1 Hz dynamic compression at 15% strain magnitude for 4 hours. ATP, lactate, glucose and nitric oxide (NO) contents in culture media, and ATP content in cell-agarose construct were measured using biochemical assays. While the total ATP content of AF cells was promoted by static and dynamic loading, only 1 Hz dynamic loading increased total ATP content of NP cells. Increases in lactate production and glucose consumption of AF cells suggest that ATP production via glycolysis is promoted by dynamic compression. ATP release and NO production of AF and NP cells were significantly increased by dynamic loading. Thus, this study clearly illustrates that static and dynamic compressive loading affect IVD cell energy production while cellular responses to mechanical loading were both cell type and compression type dependent.

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Effect of Compression and Anisotropy on the Diffusion of Glucose in Annulus Fibrosus

Abstract: Diffusion of glucose in bovine AF is dependent on strain and the direction of diffusion.

Cited by 68 publications

References 41 publications

Strain Dependent Oxygen Diffusivity in Bovine Annulus Fibrosus

Strain Dependent Oxygen Diffusivity in Bovine Annulus Fibrosus

Relationship between solute transport properties and tissue morphology in human annulus fibrosus

Mechanical loading affects the energy metabolism of intervertebral disc cells

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