Effect of Concentration on the Tribological behavior of Cyclic Heated Formulated Organic Carbon Nanotubes in Base Lubricant under Boundary Conditions

Opia, Anthony Chukwunonso; Kameil, Abdul Hamid Mohd; Samion, Syahrullail; Mamah, Stanley Chinedu; Izmi, Mazali Izhari; Hilmi, Che Daud Zul; Saleh, Abdelgade Agilah; Rahim, Abu Bakar Abd; Johnson, Charles A. N.

doi:10.2474/trol.16.199

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The observations reported were similar with previous findings. 40 Under 1200 rpm, generated films had a more pronounced increase from the beginning of the operation. Similar behaviour curves were seen when base jatropha and CSO were used, with the film becoming unsteady between 0 s and 80 s and 0 s and 30 s, respectively.…”

Section: Lubricants Film Stability and Strength Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tribological characteristics and film behaviour of polytetrafluoroethylene in jatropha with sodium dodecyl sulphate as surfactant

Opia,

Bin Abdollah,

Amiruddin

et al. 2024

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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In this research, a bio lubricant was developed utilising eco-friendly constituents of jatropha oil, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and sodium dodecyl benzenesulphonate (SDBS), characterised and tested with four-ball tribometer under ASTM D2783 standard. The tribological performance in terms of friction, wear, load carrying ability and evaluation of the film behaviour on stability and strength was conducted. According to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of the study, the presence of the two additives in base jatropha oil demonstrated good functional groups desired for lubricant lubricity. In comparison to base jatropha under 40 kg and 1200 rpm, blended 1 wt-% PTFE + 0.8 wt-% SDBS additives produced an outstanding reduction in coefficient of friction (61.4%) and good load carrying strength among all the samples tested, but commercial shell oil (CSO) outperformed under wear resisting potential. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a 3D surface profilometer were used to examine the rubbed surfaces. Findings indicate that the boundary film on the worn surface was made up of PTFE and SDBS nanoparticles that deposited film elements of sulphur and higher carbon content. The decrease in the percentage of iron (Fe) indicates that tribo-pairs were separated from direct contact under additives usage. According to the research, adding an anti-wear substance to the new formulation could increase wear protection, thus effectively making it comparable with CSO counterpart.

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Section: Lubricants Film Stability and Strength Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tribological characteristics and film behaviour of polytetrafluoroethylene in jatropha with sodium dodecyl sulphate as surfactant

Opia,

Bin Abdollah,

Amiruddin

et al. 2024

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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“…The vegetable oil used in this work were corn oil (CO) and sunflower oil, products of Thailand and supplied by Keck Seng (M) Sdn Bhd Malaysia The Eichhornia Crassipes carboxymethyl cellulose (EC-CMC) was synthesized in material laboratory of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 18 thus presented the image of the formulated polymer in Figure 1. The commercial SAE-5W-30 lubricant was used as the reference with viscosities of 47.5 cSt (40°C) and 10.5 cSt (100°C), according to the manufacturer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the formulations, the initial process stated with reducing dried EC weed (root and stem at the ratio of 1:1) into nanosized using ball milling machine, followed by extraction of cellulose as explained in previous study. 18 The information regarding the vegetable oil and EC-CMC polymer used in this study is presented in Table 1. The vegetable lubricant selected was based on their good degradability, non-toxic and lubricity properties, processes similar physiochemical properties.…”

Section: Vegetable Oil and Additivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Tribological performance evaluation of organic polymer as additives in vegetable oil using steel materials

Opia,

Abdollah,

Kameil

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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An investigation on lubricating oil rheological behavior and tribological effect on sliding contact was conducted. The study employed organic polymer Eichhornia Crassipes carboxymethyl cellulose (EC-CMC) polymer as additive in corn oil (CO) and sunflower oil (SFO). The experiment was performed using high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). Analysis on viscosity behavior was done with three samples of EC-CMC concentration (0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, and 1.5 wt.%) under 100 ml volume of base CO and SFO samples. Rheological studies on the polymer concentrations show good results with 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, and 1.5 wt.%, but indicated optimal on 1 wt.% EC-CMC especially from temperature beyond 100°C for the two selected lubricants. Under friction and wear analysis, the test was conducted using 1 wt.% EC-CMC. The base lubricants CO and SFO yielded coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter of 0.087, 11.2 × 10−6 mm3/N/m and 0.080, 10.5 × 10−6 mm3/N/m, respectively. During the testing, the use of 1 wt.% EC-CMC blended SFO gives lower coefficient of friction than CO both at base state and inclusion with additive. This yielded COF reduction by 22.5% and 13.8% for 1 wt.% EC-CMC + SFO and 1 wt.% EC-CMC + CO, respectively, but gives better reduction under SAE-5W-30. The analysis concluded that application of 1 wt.% concentration of EC-CMC in base oil lubricant for both SFO and CO significantly enhanced the properties. The utilization of this sustainable product certainly will contribute in solving global pollution challenges.

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“…The EC-CMC organic polymer was produced by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tribology Option at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 12 According to Opia et al, 12 EC-CMC additive had nanosized of 74.8-86.3 nm under dynamic light scattering particle size analysis, a hydrophobic material, and good thermal resistance. The base oil, additives and their chemical structures are presented in Figure 1.…”

Section: Materials and Samples Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment on tribological responsiveness of different polymers on AISI 52100 steel using a sensitive reciprocating tribometer

Opia,

Abdollah,

Amiruddin

et al. 2024

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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Bio-based lubricants are becoming more prevalent in the lubrication sector to substitute the traditional petroleum based. In the current study, jatropha oil was used as the base lubricant with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and organic Eichhornia crassipes-carboxymethylcellulose (EC-CMC) polymers as additives. The research employed a sensitive reciprocating apparatus to examine the tribological responsiveness of the formulation on AISI 52100 steel material in terms of coefficient of friction (COF), wear rate, wear scar diameter, and surface roughness (Ra). Polymeric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies were conducted on the formulations. The findings indicate that both additives in jatropha in concentrations produced higher COF than unmodified jatropha oil at 100 and 250 r/min under low load (15 N), but improved performance under higher load (35 N). Under wear rate examination, the formulations demonstrated a slight reduction under higher working conditions; however, the 0.5 wt% EC-CMC blended sample performed poorly in terms of both COF and wear rate. In the research, 0.4 wt% PTFE and 0.3 wt% EC-CMC produced the best outcomes for their respective categories. The nano lubricant exhibited remarkable performance when tested under more demanding working conditions (500 r/min and 45 N) but performed better when 0.4 wt% PTFE was utilized, which is comparable to the reference commercial shell lubricant used. The ability of the nano lubricants to penetrate and generate some films at the sliding contact during operation shows their enhanced performance at higher operating conditions, which was supported by the results of the energy-dispersive X-ray study.

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Effect of Concentration on the Tribological behavior of Cyclic Heated Formulated Organic Carbon Nanotubes in Base Lubricant under Boundary Conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Tribological characteristics and film behaviour of polytetrafluoroethylene in jatropha with sodium dodecyl sulphate as surfactant

Tribological characteristics and film behaviour of polytetrafluoroethylene in jatropha with sodium dodecyl sulphate as surfactant

Tribological performance evaluation of organic polymer as additives in vegetable oil using steel materials

Assessment on tribological responsiveness of different polymers on AISI 52100 steel using a sensitive reciprocating tribometer

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