Effect of Consultation on Adherence to Clinical Breast Examination and Mammography in Iranian Women: A Randomized Control Trial

Abstract

Background: Early diagnosis of breast cancer is directly related to success in treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of consultation based on the health belief model on performance of clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography in women. Methods: This research was a clinical trial study. Eligible women aged> 40 years attending to Hamadan health care centers in 2016 were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n = 75 in each group). The experimental group received 4 weekly sessions of breast cancer screening consulting based on Health Belief Model (HBM). Knowledge on breast cancer, HBM constructs, and practices were compared between two groups before, one and three months after intervention. Results: Before the intervention, no significant differences were observed in knowledge, HBM constructs and practice between experimental and control groups. While one and three months post intervention significant differences were detected between two groups on HBM constructs (except susceptibility and severity) and knowledge (p <0.05). Conclusions: The results showed the consultation promoted breast cancer screening in women.

Effectiveness of An Educational Intervention of Breast Cancer Screening Practices Uptake, Knowledge, and Beliefs among Yemeni Female School Teachers in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Study Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Many studies on BCS performance have been implemented among women worldwide. Such studies have incorporated certain women groups such as female university students, female workers, women attending health care centers, or female residents [12,[17][18][19][20]. Nevertheless, only a few studies have been conducted on female teachers regarding BCS practice in the world [11,[21][22][23][24][25].…”

The Effectiveness of Educational Interventions on Breast Cancer Screening Uptake, Knowledge, and Beliefs among Women: A Systematic Review

“…As shown in Table 2 , the gathered studies were published between 2014 and 2019, and were conducted in Malaysia (n = 1) [ 16 ], Iran (n = 7) [ 19 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ], United States (n = 6) [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ], Turkey (n = 4) [ 10 , 11 , 59 , 60 ], Israel (n = 1) [ 9 ], United Arab Emirates (n = 1) [ 61 ], China (n = 1) [ 62 ], and India (n = 1) [ 63 ]. In addition, the participants were aged 18 years and above.…”

“…The HBM was the most commonly used model (n = 10) [ 11 , 16 , 19 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 56 , 60 , 62 ]. The HBM theoretical framework incorporates six constructs, namely: (1) perceived susceptibility, (2) perceived severity, (3) perceived benefits, (4) perceived barriers, (5) cues to action, and (6) self-efficacy.…”

“…With multiple intervention strategies, these programs were mostly performed in community and healthcare settings. All studies reported the utilization of linguistically appropriate methods in delivering interventions, of either spoken and written materials (n = 16) [ 9 , 10 , 16 , 19 , 47 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ] or only spoken materials (n = 6) [ 11 , 48 , 50 , 55 , 58 , 63 ]. Furthermore, the program content in most of the studies mainly covered the key messages on normal breast anatomy, knowledge of BC and screening methods, knowledge on the significance and usefulness of screening methods, and health beliefs about BC and BCS.…”

“…The intervention methods of delivery varied across studies, where 19 studies reported multiple strategies in delivering the interventions, such as PowerPoint presentation (PPT), group discussion, video demonstration, training, relevant images, cards, and brochures [ 9 , 10 , 16 , 19 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Three studies delivered the interventions by a single strategy, either by PPT [ 11 , 63 ] or video demonstration [ 55 ].…”