Effect of Contact Lens Wear on the Release of Tear Mediators in Keratoconus

Fodor, Mariann; Kolozsvári, Bence Lajos; Petrovski, Goran; Kettesy, Beáta; Gogolák, Péter; Rajnavölgyi, Éva; Ujhelyi, Bernadett; Módis, László; Petrovski, Beáta Éva; Szima, Georgina Zita; Berta, András; Facskó, Andrea

doi:10.1097/icl.0b013e318273b35f

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…4 Matrix metalloproteinases are enzymes responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins and are secreted in response to cytokines and growth factors. 11 For KC subjects who had not worn contact lenses for at least a year, IL-6, TNF->, and MMP-9 were found to have 3Â, 2Â, and 10Â greater concentrations, respectively, in their tears compared with control subjects. 3 After not wearing contact lenses for a month, KC subjects were found to have 1.9 times higher levels of proteolytic activity and overexpression of several MMPs and cytokines compared with the tears of healthy control subjects.…”

Section: Tear Film Inflammatory Mediators In Kc Without Contact Lens mentioning

confidence: 97%

Inflammation and Keratoconus

McMonnies¹

2015

Optometry and Vision Science

113

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Keratoconus (KC) has been traditionally classified as a noninflammatory disease. Barring loss of function, the other classic signs of inflammation (heat, redness, swelling, pain) are not usually obvious or even apparent in KC. This clinical perspective examines the evidence and implications of numerous inflammatory processes that have been recognized in the tears of KC patients as well as some inflammation relevant differences found in the KC cornea. The roles of inflammation in corneal trauma attributed to eye rubbing and/or contact lens wear are examined as is the significance of atopy, allergic disease, dry eye disease, degradative enzyme activity, wound healing, reduced anti-inflammatory capacity, and ultraviolet irradiation. It is possible that any comorbidity that is inflammatory in nature may add synergistically to other forms of KC-related inflammation and exacerbate its pathogenetic processes. For example, some features of inflammation in ocular rosacea and associated corneal thinning and distortion could have some possible relevance to KC. An analogy is drawn with osteoarthritis, which also involves significant inflammatory processes but, like KC, does not meet all the classic criteria for an inflammatory disease. Classifying KC as quasi-inflammatory (inflammatory-related) rather than a noninflammatory disease appears to be more appropriate and may help focus attention on the possibility of developing effective anti-inflammatory therapies for its management.

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Section: Tear Film Inflammatory Mediators In Kc Without Contact Lens mentioning

confidence: 97%

Inflammation and Keratoconus

McMonnies¹

2015

Optometry and Vision Science

113

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“…57 Interestingly, eye rubbing and contact lens wear, which are closely associated with KC, increase the levels of IL-6 in tear fluid in KC. 57,58 This indicates local changes of IL-6 in the cornea and supports the concept of corneal inflammation in KC. How IL-6 interacts with the corneal microenvironment in KC is not well understood.…”

Section: B Interleukin-6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The levels of IL-6 are increased in KC corneas. 30,33,56,57 Keratocytes produce IL-6 upon stimulation with IL-1. 57 Interestingly, eye rubbing and contact lens wear, which are closely associated with KC, increase the levels of IL-6 in tear fluid in KC.…”

Section: B Interleukin-6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,33,56,57 Keratocytes produce IL-6 upon stimulation with IL-1. 57 Interestingly, eye rubbing and contact lens wear, which are closely associated with KC, increase the levels of IL-6 in tear fluid in KC. 57,58 This indicates local changes of IL-6 in the cornea and supports the concept of corneal inflammation in KC.…”

Section: B Interleukin-6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, other proteins, such as immunoglobulins and the iron binding glycoprotein lactoferrin, which are widely present in healthy tear fluid, are less abundant in KC tear fluid 102. Curiously, the characteristic high expression of MMPs in tear fluid of KC is also found in patients with other inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis 30,57,102,104. Evidently, changes in the tear fluid protein composition can ultimately affect tear fluid quality, and this could have significant impact on the health of the ocular surface.The effect of tear fluid quality on KC is underlined by findings of Hara et al, who demonstrated that tear film stability had an important role in obtaining a better visual acuity in the early postoperative period after keratoplasty, a currently inevitable intervention for severe keratoconus 105.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Cytokine Expression in Keratoconus and its Corneal Microenvironment: A Systematic Review

et al. 2015

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Tear Film and Ocular Surface in Keratoconus

Hamada

Matsou

2021

Keratoconus

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Keratoconus (KC) is an ectatic corneal disorder, characterised by progressive stromal thinning and structural weakening with apical cone-like protrusion, leading to progressive myopia, irregular astigmatism, scarring and decreased vision. It is a leading cause of corneal transplantation in the developed world. While keratoconus has been traditionally considered a predominantly degenerative, non-inflammatory disease of multivariate origin, the exact aetiology remains largely unknown. There is now evidence of genetic inheritance and possible association with systemic disease, as well as substantial evidence that certain environmental factors, such as ocular surface disease, atopy and contact lens wear, and behaviours, such as excessive eye rubbing, may play a key role. The factors that determine or affect the progression or stabilisation of the disease are not well characterised or understood.A number of studies suggest a pivotal role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of KC, contradicting the dogma that traditionally classified keratoconus as a non-inflammatory condition. Elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor, interleukins, cell adhesion molecules, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been detected in keratoconic eyes compared to normal, implying that chronic inflammatory events are involved in the manifestation and progression of the disease. Many studies have attempted to investigate in depth the pathogenesis of keratoconus. And while it is widely accepted that complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, both mechanical and biochemical, influence the development and course of

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Effect of Contact Lens Wear on the Release of Tear Mediators in Keratoconus

Abstract: Contact lens wear can influence the levels and dynamics of various mediators in the tears of patients with KC that might have an impact on the progression of the disease.

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Inflammation and Keratoconus

Inflammation and Keratoconus

Cytokine Expression in Keratoconus and its Corneal Microenvironment: A Systematic Review

Tear Film and Ocular Surface in Keratoconus

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