Effect of contaminated filtration sand on performance of household biosand filters

White, Caleb; Sangster, Jodi L.; Joy, Stacey R.; Dunekacke, Amanda; Pirog, Matthew; Jones, Elizabeth; Bartelt–Hunt, Shannon L.

doi:10.1109/ghtc.2013.6713688

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In comparison, a lab study using "contaminated" sand (i.e., sand that had been soaked in wastewater effluent for three days) resulted in lower bacteria removal than when clean sand was used. However, field biosand filters containing contaminated sand (i.e., sand sourced from a river bank that was dried and rinsed but not heated to destroy organics) still attained 95% bacterial removal in Madagascar [43]. In general, sand rinsed of most organic matter and clay material content is recommended; pre-rinsing the sand two or three times with agitation is recommended.…”

Section: Filter Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coliform removal has been reported to be influenced by several factors [35,39], such as temperature, source water quality [35], media quality, media amendments [46,50,71], sand size, residence time [50,61], and biological maturity [17,43,56]. Because most bacteria are removed in the top biofilm layer, removal rate has been reported to be rather insensitive to filter depth, as a reduction in medium depth from 0.97 m to 0.48 m resulted in a decline from 97% to 95% removal of coliform bacteria [8].…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slow Sand Filters for the 21st Century: A Review

Maiyo

Dasika

Jafvert

2023

IJERPH

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Safe drinking water remains a major global challenge, especially in rural areas where, according to UNICEF, 80% of those without access to improved water systems reside. While water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related diseases and deaths are common outcomes of unsafe water, there is also an economic burden associated with unsafe water. These burdens are most prominent in rural areas in less-developed nations. Slow sand filters (SSFs), or biological sand filters (BSFs), are ideal water treatment solutions for these low-resource regions. SSFs are the oldest municipal drinking water treatment systems and improve water quality by removing suspended particles, dissolved organic chemicals, and other contaminants, effectively reducing turbidity and associated taste and odor problems. The removal of turbidity and dissolved organic compounds from the water enables the use of low-cost disinfection methods, such as chlorination. While the working principles of slow sand filtration have remained the same for over two centuries, the design, sizes, and application of slow sand filters have been customized over the years. This paper reviews these adaptations and recent reports on performance regarding contaminant removal. We specifically address the removal of turbidity and microbial contaminants, which are of great concern to rural populations in developing countries.

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Section: Filter Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow Sand Filters for the 21st Century: A Review

Maiyo

Dasika

Jafvert

2023

IJERPH

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“…"Before treatment" water samples were collected from the water source 16,18,23,46,47 (e.g., local tap, borehole or surface water), stored water in the household 44 or directly from the top bucket of a filter 17,21,48 . "After treatment" water samples were collected directly from the bottom bucket of the filter 21 (bypassing the spigot), from the filter spigot 17,18,44,47,49 (bypassing the drinking cup) or from the drinking vessel 16,47 , possibly confounding treatment performance with potential re-contamination or re-growth. Variable environmental bacterial concentrations were noted as potentially driving variations in measured POUWT performance 23,44,50 .…”

Section: Through 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in laboratory versus field treatment performance of point-of-use drinking water treatment methods: research gaps and ways forward

Zimmer

Dorea

2023

npj Clean Water

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In this Perspective, we present evidence that indicates a discrepancy between laboratory and field performance of point of use water treatment (POUWT) techniques, identified via a narrative review process to investigate the origin of the LRV comparison estimates reported by the WHO. We considered only peer-reviewed articles that reported laboratory and field log reduction values (LRVs) for the same POU technology. We will present a summary of explanations that have been offered by the literature regarding such discrepancies; the potential implications of the “laboratory versus field” data discrepancy; and potential risks posed by conflating the two. Finally, in view of this discussion, we propose a strategy to help mitigate the research gap and explore the potential to improve current health risk assessments and ultimately, recommendations by public health entities and manufacturers of POUWT products.

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Effect of contaminated filtration sand on performance of household biosand filters

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Slow Sand Filters for the 21st Century: A Review

Slow Sand Filters for the 21st Century: A Review

Differences in laboratory versus field treatment performance of point-of-use drinking water treatment methods: research gaps and ways forward

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