Effect of copper on the strength of AISI 316 stainless steel

Carolan, R.A.; Li, Che Yu; Maziasz, P.J.; Swindeman, R.W.; Todd, J. A.; Ren, J. C.

doi:10.1007/bf02653921

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…MC precipitate sizes were measured in-foil using a method similar to that used by Kesternich [ 192] . 190. These tests showed that alloy CE3 which contained the stabilizing elements Ti, Nb and V plus a copper addition performed better than 17-14 CuMo steel and the modifications CEO and CE2 which were stabilized without a copper addition.…”

Section: Precipitate Size Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Alloys CE3 and AX7 contained Cu additions of 1.96 and1.50 for comparison with 17-14 CuMo (3.07 Cu). Apart from their Ni andCr contents, CE3 and AX5 also had increased V and reduced Nb, compared to 17-14 CuMo.5.2 Load Relaxation Tests Load relaxation tests have been used by Carolan et al[189,190) to evaluate the elevated temperature (>0.4Tm) flow strength, as a function of strain rate and temperature, of the modified• alloys~ Plates, 0.10 em thick, of the modified alloys were supplied for these tests in the mill annealed condition. The plates were solution treated at 1150 C in an argon atmosphere for 45 minutes and then cooled to room Load relaxations were made close to the 0.2% yield strain to identify the flow properties associated with a given microstructure and to •.eliminate the effects of work hardening during loading.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results were plotted as the logarithm of true stress vs strain rate. Short term strength was evaluated by the 0.2% proof stress at a strain rate of 10"" s••, and long term strength was evaluated by comparing flow strengths load relaxation and creep data were comparable from specimens with similar • thermomechanical treatments indicating that the load relaxation test may be a simple and rapid method for extrapolating the long term creep rupture strengths.The load relaxation mechanical testing was carried out by Carolan and Li[190] at Cornell University and the reader is referred to Appendix I for details of the individual •test results.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Microstructural studies of advanced austenitic steels

Todd¹,

Ren²

1989

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This report presents •the first. complete microstructural and analytical electron microscopy study of Alloy AXS, one of a series 'of advanced austenitic steels developed by Maziasz and co-workers [1-7] at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, for their potential application as reheater and superheater materials in power plants that.will reach the end of their design lives .in the 1990'.s.. The advanced steels are modified with carbide forming elements such as titanium, niobium and vanadium. When combined with optimized thermo-mechanical treatments, the advanced steels exhibit significantly improved creep rupture properties compared to commercially available 316 stainless steels, 17-14 Cu-Mo and 800 H steels. The importance of microstructure in•controlling these improvements has been demonstrated for selected alloys, using stress relaxation testing as an accelerated test method. The microstructural features responsible for the imp~oved creep strengths have been identified by studying the thermal aging kinetics• of one of the 16Ni-14Cr advanced steels, Alloy AXS, in both the solution annealed and the solution annealed plus cold worked conditions. Timetemperature-precipitation. diagrams have been developed for the temperature range 600 C to 900 C and for times from 1 h to 3000 h. Particle size measurements have shown that the MC precipitates formed on matrix dislocations resist coarsening for up to 3000 h at 900 C.

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Section: Precipitate Size Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Microstructural studies of advanced austenitic steels

Todd¹,

Ren²

1989

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“…and Cr eq., it is consid- ered that the addition of S has no critical effect on phase stability of austenite. It is well known that Cu as substitutional element stabilizes the austenite phase and provides solid solution strengthening [12]. Figure 4 shows X-ray diffraction spectra for the experimental alloys-Base, 3Cu and 3Cu4S after casting and solution heat-treating at 1,150°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of copper and sulfur additions on machinability behavior of high performance austenitic stainless steel

Kim

Park

2009

Met. Mater. Int.

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Flank wear, cutting force, the number and area of sulfides, and shear strain rate were measured to elucidate the synergistic effects of Cu and S additions on machinability of high-performance austenitic stainless steels with a basic composition of Fe-18 %Cr-21 %Ni-3.2 %Mo-1.6 %W-0.2 %N. As Cu and S content increased, flank wear and cutting force decreased. While Cu and S content increased, shear strain rate and shear angle increased. The tool life for an alloy with 3.1 %Cu + 0.091 %S was about four times longer than that of an alloy with 0.06 %Cu + 0.005 %S due to high shear strain rate generated by Cu addition, lubricating films of ductile (Mn, Cr)S sulfides adhering to tool surface and low cutting force resulting from thinly and lengthily continuous sulfides formed in chips during machining.

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“…It is well known that Cu as a substitution element stabilizes the £-phase and provides a solid solution strengthening. 17) As the temperature of the solution heat-treatment decreases in the region with the dual £/¡-phases, the volume fraction of the ¡-phase decreases and that of the £-phase increases. It is predicted that the optimum temperature of the solution heattreatment to obtain the desired microstructure of approximately 50 vol% £-phase and 50 vol% ¡-phase is approximately 1353 to 1363 K (Figs.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Phase Diagram And Equilibrium Fractions Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Copper Addition on the Active Corrosion Behavior of Hyper Duplex Stainless Steels in Sulfuric Acid

et al. 2012

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The effect of copper (Cu) addition on the active corrosion behavior of hyper duplex stainless steels in sulfuric acid was investigated. The addition of Cu in the base alloy enhanced the resistance to general corrosion by decreasing the critical and corrosion current densities, and increasing the polarization resistance. There are two primary reasons for the considerable enhancement of the corrosion resistance of the experimental alloys containing Cu. First, the protective surface film was enriched with the noble metallic copper (Cu) due to the selective dissolution of the active metallic Cr, Fe, and Ni, and the electrochemical dissolution of the corrosion products such as iron-sulfide (FeS 2), iron sulfate (FeSO 4), ferrous oxide (FeO) and hydrous iron sulfate (FeSO 4 •7H 2 O). Second, chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3), chromium trioxide (CrO 3), nickel oxide (NiO), molybdenum dioxide (MoO 2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3), and tungsten trioxide (WO 3) in an oxide state, molybdenum oxy-hydroxide (MoO[OH] 2) and chromium hydroxide (Cr[OH] 3) in a hydro-oxide state, molybdate (MoO 4 2¹) and tungstate (WO 4 2¹) as corrosion inhibitors in an ion state, and ammonium (NH 4 +) elevating the pH in an ion state were increased and assisted in improving the corrosion resistance.

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Effect of copper on the strength of AISI 316 stainless steel

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Microstructural studies of advanced austenitic steels

Microstructural studies of advanced austenitic steels

Effects of copper and sulfur additions on machinability behavior of high performance austenitic stainless steel

Effect of Copper Addition on the Active Corrosion Behavior of Hyper Duplex Stainless Steels in Sulfuric Acid

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