Effect of Copper Sulphate Pollution and Its Antidote Penicillamine on Serum and Brain Tissues Markers of Albino Rats

Abstract

Background:Copper is an essential trace element and is required for many metabolic functions. Aim of work: The present study was designed to study the negative impact of excess copper sulphate on the central neural function of albino rats and studying how its antidote d-penicillamine play role in improving its side effects. Material and methods: Seventy albino rats were divided into seven equal groups each containing 10 rats (G 1: control received distilled water) ; (G 2 : 0.1 LD 50 of CuSO 4 ) ; (G 3 : 0.2 LD 50 of CuSO 4 ) ; (G 4 : 0.4 LD 50 of CuSO 4 ) ; (G 5 : 0.1 LD 50 of CuSO 4 +100mg/kg/day of penicillamine) ; (G 6 : LD 50 of CuSO 4 .+100 mg/kg/day of penicillamine) and (G 7 : LD 50 of CuSO 4 + 100 mg /kg/day of penicillamine) for 30 days and at the end of the experiment all rats were sacrificed and blood samples and brain tissues were collected for biochemical assaying of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum Cu level, serum tyrosinase activity, oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity (TAC). also, DNA determination of relative gene expression of cerebral adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AmpK), protein kinase (AKT), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), cytochrome c oxidase (Cyto co ), and glucose -6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Results: The results showed that administration of copper sulphate with different levels induced a significant increase in fasting blood glucose level, lipid peroxidation marker MDA, serum copper level, and serum tyrosinase activity, and a significant decrease in TAC. Moreover, copper sulphate administration elicited a significant downregulation ( AmpK, AKT, PI3K, Cytochrome c oxidase, G6PD).it could be approved that penicillamine could abolish the negative impact of copper sulphate on neural tissues and serum enzymes. Conclusion: D-penicillamine can reduce neurotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by copper pollution. Recommendations: Exposure to the pollution of copper must be controlled. Search for sensitive blood and neural markers for early detection of neurological disorders and further studies are needed to use its antidote d-penicillamine in the treatment of copper-induced pollution.