Effect of core body temperature, time of day, and climate conditions on behavioral patterns of lactating dairy cows experiencing mild to moderate heat stress

Allen, J. D.; Hall, Linnea S.; Collier, Robert J.; Smith, John F.

doi:10.3168/jds.2013-7704

Cited by 215 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Along with the increase in THI by 1 unit between the W and H periods, there was observed a decrease in LTD by 38 min/d in the cubicles, while in the manure alleys it increased by 15 min/d. The declines in lying bouts' length demonstrated by Allen et al (2015) and Kanjanapruthipong et al (2015) caused by an increase in THI were confirmed by LTH calculated in different areas of the barn. However, it is characteristic that despite very unfavourable conditions in the barn during the period between 12:00 pm and 04:00 pm, the cows staying in the feeding alley returned and lay down in the cubicles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…In order to cool their bodies, cows increase their respiration rates and consume less feed during hot weather, which in turn causes a decline in milk production (West 2003;Tousova et al 2017). However, high temperatures and high relative humidity make this process difficult and the cow's body temperature increases (Allen et al 2015). This may result in impaired thermoregulation and heat stress (Rhoads et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between THI level and dairy cows’ behaviour during summer period

Herbut

Angrecka

2017

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The presented study determining the relationship between the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) value during the summer months (June-August) and daily behaviour of 40 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, including the length of standing, laying bouts and locomotor activity. Behaviour observations were conducted on a preferences test concerning their choice to time and place of rest with respect to time duration of THI: neutral (maximum 3 h with THI ¼ 68), warm (time of THI > 68 occurrence lasted less than 12 h) and hot (time of THI > 68 occurrence lasted longer than 12 h). Obtained results was processed using analysis of the Spearman's correlation coefficient with significant at p < .05. The results showed a decrease in daily total lying time between the neutral and hot periods from 9.9 to 7.8 h/d. Along with the increase in THI by 1 unit between the warm and hot periods, there was observed a decrease in total lying time by 38 min/d in the cubicles. With an increase in the THI was also observed an increase by 15 min/d in the lying cows in the manure alleys during the night-time. During the warm and hot periods, the cows' activity showed a negative correlation with the increasing THI. Cows changed their behaviour during the summer depending on the prevailing environmental conditions. The behavioural studies on cows, without taking into account the variability of microclimate conditions, can lead to their inaccuracy and the misrepresentation of their results. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between THI level and dairy cows’ behaviour during summer period

Herbut

Angrecka

2017

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…In the other side, when those cows were in the sunny part of the paddock, they preferred to ruminate while lying compared with ruminating while standing (34.1 v. 11.5 min) probably to increase exposed surface of their body in contact with the ground and enhance conduction of heat loss to the environment. Cows' preference for standing posture was already noticed by Soriani et al (2013) and Allen et al (2015) but not by Schütz et al (2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This was not the case in the present study as cows had more than 10 m 2 each of available shade. On the other hand, Allen et al (2015) observed that at a core body temperature equal to 38.9°C, there was a 50% likelihood that a cow would be standing, which highlights the importance of this behavior in the cooling of animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to shade changes behavioral and physiological attributes of dairy cows during the hot season in the subtropics

Vizzotto

Fischer

Neto

et al. 2015

Animal

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The effect of shade on behavior and physiological attributes of grazing cows in a high altitude subtropical zone is not well established. This work aimed to investigate how social and ingestive behaviors, as well as physiological and other attributes of dairy cows such as milk production, change in a subtropical environment during the hot season either with or without free access to shade. Fourteen lactating cows were kept on pasture either with no shade or with free access to shade for 5 days and their behavior was recorded with instantaneous scan sampled every 10 min, from sunrise, 0530 h (Greenwich mean time, GMT − 0200 h) to sunset, 2100 h (GMT − 0200 h). Behavior traits included (1) time spent in activities such as grazing, ruminating, resting, lying, standing, walking, seeking shade and staying in the proximity to the water trough and (2) number of events such as water ingestion, aggressive interactions, as well as competition for shade and water. Physiological attributes such as heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, number of rumen movements, panting score, as well as milk yield, were evaluated. Time spent in behavioral activities, number of behavioral events and physiological attributes varied between groups (with and without access to shade). Cows with no shade showed increased respiratory and heart rates and panting score at 1300 h, higher values for time of permanence near the water trough, number of competition and aggression events for shade. On the other hand, they showed lower values for time spent resting while lying, ruminating while standing, seeking shade. Access to shade did not change time spent lying, standing, walking with the head up, ruminating while lying, resting while standing, as well as milk yield and number of ruminal movements. Significant interactions between access to shade and days of measurements were detected for time spent walking, ruminating, grazing, resting, number of water ingestion events, competition events near the water trough and for shade, as well as for rectal temperature and panting score measured at 1700 h. In the high altitude subtropical region, access to shade minimizes negative heat stress effects on behavior and physiological aspects of dairy cows.

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“…However, the presence of high temperatures and high relative humidity interferes with this process and the body temperature of the cows rises (Allen et al 2015), sometimes resulting in inadequate regulation of the cow’s body temperature and the occurrence of heat stress (Rhoads et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental parameters to assessing of heat stress in dairy cattle—a review

2018

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Considering the significant influence of high ambient temperature and heat waves on the well-being and productivity of dairy cows, it is to be expected that, in the course of the next few decades, climate conditions for raising cattle will deteriorate. Research has shown that heat stress causes many negative consequences in terms of physiological and behavioural disturbances and significant losses in milk production. The effort to reduce the risk of the occurrence of heat stress among dairy cows also involves the search for new environmental methods of predicting heat stress. The aim of this paper is to review and systematise the current state of knowledge on the topic of the most widely used environmental methods of determining and predicting heat stress in dairy cows and also to show the directions of studies for the future. Based on an analysis of the most popular indexes, the study evaluated their suitability for forecasting heat stress related to maintenance systems and climate conditions for cows. However, the negative results of heat stress often appear with a delay, and a carry-over effect may be experienced (summer heat stress may affect the cows until autumn). The time of the year and breed of cows could have a big impact on when animals become sensitive to increasing heat loads. This likely can be a big contributor to the discrepancies within the different heat stress equations. It is essential to prevent the occurrence of heat stress, predicting it by observing local microclimate conditions and using meteorological forecasts. Thanks to these measures, a breeder may prepare and implement suitable solutions for protecting the animals.

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Effect of core body temperature, time of day, and climate conditions on behavioral patterns of lactating dairy cows experiencing mild to moderate heat stress

Cited by 215 publications

References 30 publications

Relationship between THI level and dairy cows’ behaviour during summer period

Relationship between THI level and dairy cows’ behaviour during summer period

Access to shade changes behavioral and physiological attributes of dairy cows during the hot season in the subtropics

Environmental parameters to assessing of heat stress in dairy cattle—a review

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