Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the lifestyle and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-section and retrospective cohort study

Munekawa, Chihiro; Hosomi, Yukako; Hashimoto, Yoshitaka; Okamura, Tomio; Takahashi, Fuyuko; Kawano, Rena; Nakajima, Harushi; Osaka, Takafumi; Okada, Hiroshi; Majima, Susumu; Senmaru, Takafumi; Nakanishi, Naoko; Ushigome, Emi; Hamaguchi, Masahide; Yamazaki, Masahiro; Fukui, Michiaki

doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0426

Cited by 74 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Stress can also affect metabolic parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus [19]. In fact, stress and lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with worse glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) [20]. In addition, previous studies have shown that earthquakes are associated with increased stress and worse glycemic control in patients with T1D [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyle and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study

et al. 2021

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Background To investigate the acute effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on lifestyle and metabolic parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods This retrospective cohort study included 34 patients who were admitted to our hospital from April 16 to May 1, 2020. Data on stress levels, sleep duration, exercise, total diet, snacks, and prepared food intake were obtained from the questionnaires. Changes in the values of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight from 3 months before the administration of the questionnaire to the time the study questionnaire was administered (pandemic year), and those from 15 months before to 12 months before the administration of the questionnaire (pre-pandemic year) were evaluated. Results Increased stress levels and decreased exercise volumes were observed in approximately 60% and 50% of participants during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Decreased sleep duration was associated with changes in the body weight for 3 months during pandemic year ( r = − 0.40, p = 0.043). Furthermore, compared with changes in HbA1c for 3 months during pre-pandemic year, changes in HbA1c during the pandemic year were worse (0.12% [0.33] % during pandemic year vs. − 0.09 [0.39] % during pre-pandemic year, p = 0.027). Conclusions Many patients experienced stress and exercised less due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Glycemic control in patients with T1D was worse than that in the previous year. Since the pandemic is currently ongoing, more attention should be paid to stress and lifestyle factor management in patients with T1D. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-021-00507-4.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyle and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study

et al. 2021

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“…These data were collected before the COVID-19 pandemic, and they already indicated the need to improve healthy habits. They have always represented a challenge for primary care services, which have become even greater during the COVID-19 pandemic because of virus transmission control measures that have negatively affected eating patterns (e.g., consumption of more snacks and prepared food during home confinement) and exercise routines due to outdoor activity restrictions [ 22 , 23 ]. Nevertheless, multiple health behaviors, such as physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, red meat consumption, multivitamin use and smoking cessation, can be improved simultaneously through interventions delivered in primary care and at a modest cost [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Unhealthy Behaviors Share Equivalent Profiles of Readiness for Change in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Salinas-Martı́nez

Campusano

Cordero-Franco

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Few studies have considered more than one behavior, despite the tendency towards multiple behaviors, and there are none that have focused on a Latino population. We determined the concurrence of four unhealthy behaviors related to glycemic control and identified common cognitive factors at advanced stages of readiness for change in patients with type 2 diabetes treated in primary care. A cross-sectional study was carried out during August–December 2018 in northeastern Mexico. We consecutively included patients between 20 and 70 years who were without medical contraindication, physical impediment against exercise, pregnancy and edentulism, among other selection criteria (n = 407). Stages of behavior were measured according to the Transtheoretical Model. Pros, cons, self-efficacy, susceptibility, and severity data were collected by interview. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. A total of 36.7% exhibited more than one unhealthy behavior in precontemplation or contemplation (no interest or some interest in changing consumption of refined sugars and saturated fats, exercise, or oral hygiene behavior). Cons (p < 0.05) and self-efficacy (p < 0.001) were common to all four unhealthy behaviors, independent of potential confounders. Studies like ours facilitate the recognition of individuals with multiple unhealthy behaviors who share equivalent profiles of readiness for change before implementing public health programs.

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“…To assess stress or lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we asked some patients a number of simple questions from 16 April to 31 May 2020. The details of this questionnaire were presented in a previous study [ 8 ]. The questionnaire consists of short questions regarding stress, sleep duration, exercise levels, and changes in lifestyle due to the pandemic.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, along with its spread, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic change in lifestyles, such as unhealthy dietary patterns, increased alcohol consumption, increased smoking frequency, and reduced physical activity [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our research group conducted a study of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and reported lifestyle changes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including increased stress, increased total diet intake, increased snack consumption, decreased sleep duration, and reduced physical activity [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Takahashi

Hashimoto

Munekawa

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions on the change in muscle mass in older patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), who were not infected with COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were obtained from outpatients who underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis at least twice before April 2020 and at least once thereafter. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) was calculated as appendicular muscle mass (kg) divided by height squared (m2). Change in SMI (kg/m2/year) was calculated as (follow-up SMI—baseline SMI/follow-up period). The differences between the changes in SMI before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated using paired t test. Results: This study recruited 56 patients, with a mean (SD) age of 75.2 (7.1) years. SMI changed from 6.7 (0.9) to 6.8 (0.9) kg/m2 before the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas SMI changed from 6.8 (0.9) to 6.6 (0.9) kg/m2 after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. SMI decreased after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the pandemic (−0.117 (0.240) vs. 0.005 (0.289) kg/m2/year, p = 0.049). This decrease was observed in men (−0.159 (0.257) vs. 0.031 (0.325) kg/m2/year, p = 0.038), patients with poor glycemic control (−0.170 (0.264) vs. 0.031 (0.285) kg/m2/year, p = 0.042), and those with a long diabetes duration (−0.153 (0.229) vs. 0.082 (0.291) kg/m2, p = 0.049). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions caused muscle mass loss in older patents with T2D. Actions, including recommendation of exercise and adequate diet intake, are needed to prevent loss of muscle mass.

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Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the lifestyle and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-section and retrospective cohort study

Cited by 74 publications

References 33 publications

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyle and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyle and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study

Multiple Unhealthy Behaviors Share Equivalent Profiles of Readiness for Change in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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