Effect of cotton nitrogen fertilization on <i>Bemisia argentifolii</i> populations and honeydew production

Bi, J. L.; Ballmer, G. R.; Hendrix, Donald L.; Henneberry, T.J.; Toscano, Nick C.

doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00798.x

Cited by 88 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Secondary plant metabolites (phenolics) and peroxidase levels were elevated in the water and nutritionally stressed plants (similar results were reported by English-Loeb et al, 1997). Bi et al (2001) reported increasing numbers of immature SLW on cotton with increasing concentrations of nitrogen fertilization. The plant vigor hypothesis proposed by Price (1991) suggests that insect herbivores will perform better on vigorously growing plants while the plant stress hypothesis (White, 1984;Mattson and Haack, 1987) proposes that when plants are subjected to a variety of stresses, they become more nutritious for and/or less well defended against arthropod herbivores.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Multitrophic interactions of the silverleaf whitefly, host plants, competing herbivores, and phytopathogens

Mayer

Inbar

McKenzie

et al. 2002

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

113

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Our laboratory found that silverleaf whitefly (SLW; Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) feeding alters host plant physiology and chemistry. The SLW induces a number of host plant defenses, including pathogenesis-related (PR) protein accumulation (e.g., chitinases, beta-1,3-glucanases, peroxidases, chitosanases, etc.). Induction of the PR proteins by SLW feeding occurs in various plant species and varieties. The extent and type of induction is dependent on a number of factors that include host plant growing conditions, the length of time the host plant is exposed to SLW feeding, the plant variety, and SLW population densities. The appearance of PR proteins correlates well with reduced infestations of conspecific insect herbivore competitors. Greenhouse and field experiments in which herbivore competitors (cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni; leaf miner, Liromyza trifolii) were placed on plants previously exposed to SLW feeding demonstrated behavioral differences (oviposition, feeding preferences) and reduced survival rates and development times of these insects. The interaction was asymmetrical, i.e., SLW infestations of plants previously exposed to leaf miners had little or no effect on SLW behavior (oviposition). Induction of plant-defensive proteins by SLW feeding was both local (at the feeding site) and systemic (uninfested leaves distant to the feeding site). There are interactions between diseases such as tomato mottle virus (ToMoV; a geminivirus) and the host plant and SLW. PR proteins were induced in tomato plants infected with ToMoV much as they were via non-viruliferous SLW feeding. The presence of ToMoV in tomato plants significantly increased the number of eggs produced by SLW females. Experiments using tomato plants, powdery mildew (PM), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) show that whitefly infestations can affect plant pathogen relationships but the effects vary among pathogen types. Enzyme analyses prior to pathogen inoculation showed that whitefly treatment significantly increased the activities of foliar chitinase and peroxidase. Evaluation of pathogen growth 3 weeks after inoculation showed that whitefly feeding significantly reduced the incidence of PM. However, TMV levels evaluated by ELISA were not significantly affected by whitefly feeding. Six weeks after inoculation with pathogens, the chitinase and peroxidase activities were still elevated in plants initially fed on by whiteflies but continuing pathogen infection had no effect on these enzymes. The possibility that geminivirus infection and/or SLW infestations isolate the host plant for the selected reproduction of the virus and the insect is discussed. Multitrophic cascade effects may contribute to the successful eruptive appearance of SLW on various crops, ranking them as a major pest. They may explain the general observation that when SLW infest a host plant there are few if any competing insect herbivores and pathogens found in the host. However, the results indicate that certain SLW-virus relationships could be mutualistic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Multitrophic interactions of the silverleaf whitefly, host plants, competing herbivores, and phytopathogens

Mayer

Inbar

McKenzie

et al. 2002

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

113

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“…Carbohydrates were extracted from powdered plant material following methodology of Bi et al (2001). Ten milligrams of plant material were extracted three times, each for 8 min, in 1.2 ml of 80% ethanol in an 80°C water bath.…”

Section: Extraction and Analyses Of Soluble Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of resource provisioning and sugar composition of foods on longevity of three Gonatocerus spp., egg parasitoids of Homalodisca vitripennis

2007

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The eVect of dietary supplements on the longevity of male and female Gonatocerus ashmeadi, G. triguttatus and G. fasciatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), was determined in the laboratory. Treatments included: water only, 3:1 honey-water solution, Xoral and extraXoral nectars from Wve diVerent plants (excised stems from Fagopyrum esculentum, Lobularia maritima, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Anethum graveolens and Vicia faba), honeydew from Coccus hesperidum and Homalodisca vitripennis (formally H. coagulata), a commercially available food supplement (Eliminade) and citrus foliage. Additionally, the sugar composition of each food resource was determined using HPLC and whole Xower extracts. Honey-water and F. esculentum nectar signiWcantly increased longevity of male and female G. ashmeadi, G. triguttatus, and G. fasciatus up to 1860%, 1323% and 1459%, respectively, when compared with water. For both sexes and all three parasitoid species, survival on citrus foliage, H. vitripennis excrement, and P. tanacetifolia Xowers was equivalent to that on water only. The longevity of G. ashmeadi and G. triguttatus was up to 539% higher on Eliminade compared with water only, however there was no signiWcant eVect of Eliminade on survival of G. fasciatus. Coccus hesperidum honeydew increased survival times up to 665% for all mymarid species compared with citrus foliage alone. HPLC analysis indicated that food resources most beneWcial to Gonatocerus parasitoids possessed a high proportion of glucose (up to 44%) and fructose (up to 53%), suggesting that sucrose may not be as important for parasitoid survival. Citrus and P. tanacetifolia Xowers contained favorable proportions of glucose and fructose, but the inability of Gonatocerus spp. to beneWt from this may be related to Xower morphology which could prevent access to nectar.

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“…Jassids are very destructive pest of okra during seedling and vegetative stage. They suck sap from leaves, stems and developing fruits, transmit viral diseases and also inject toxic substance to plant which retards growth of the plant (Bi et al, 2001). Okra shoot and fruit borer larvae cause damage by boring into the tender shoots and fruits of okra (Rahman et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-rational management packages of jassid and shoot and fruit borer of okra

Mohammad¹,

Alam²,

Miah³

et al. 2018

Bangladesh J. Agric. Res

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The study was conducted for bio-rational management of jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula), and shoot and fruit borer of okra (Earias vittella) at experimental field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during April to July 2016. Management Packages used in this study were package 1: Hand picking+ pheromone mass trapping for Earias vittella + spraying of bioneem plus 1 EC @ 1ml l -1 of water, package 2: Hand picking + pheromone mass trapping for Earias vittella + spraying of emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 1g l -1 of water, package 3: Hand picking + pheromone mass trapping for Earias vittella + spraying of spinosad 45 SC @ 0.4ml l -1 of water, package 4: Farmers practice: Spraying of cypermethrin 10 EC@ 1ml l -1 of water at seven days interval, and an untreated control. Among the packages bio-neem based one (Package 1) was the best to control jassid population, emamectin benzoate based package (Package 2) was the best to control okra shoot and fruit borer infestation on shoot and spinosad based package (Package 3) was the best to control okra shoot and fruit borer infestation on fruit. Statistically similar yields were obtained from biorational package treated plots and their yields were significantly higher than farmer's practice (Package 4) and untreated control plot. Higher benefit cost ratio (4.57-9.18) was obtained from bio-rational management package treated plots compare to that of farmer's practice plot (4.50).

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Effect of cotton nitrogen fertilization on Bemisia argentifolii populations and honeydew production

Cited by 88 publications

References 33 publications

Multitrophic interactions of the silverleaf whitefly, host plants, competing herbivores, and phytopathogens

Multitrophic interactions of the silverleaf whitefly, host plants, competing herbivores, and phytopathogens

The effect of resource provisioning and sugar composition of foods on longevity of three Gonatocerus spp., egg parasitoids of Homalodisca vitripennis

Bio-rational management packages of jassid and shoot and fruit borer of okra

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