Effect of Coumestrol on Bone Metabolism in Organ Culture.

Tsutsumi, Naoyuki

doi:10.1248/bpb.18.1012

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Much higher oral doses (50-400 mg/kg/day) of IPR have been required to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats (138), doses that also produce plasma concentrations similar to the effective in vitro concentrations (139,140). COM also inhibits bone resorption in vitro (141) and is a more potent agent, preventing bone loss at oral doses of 1-2 mg/kg/day (142,143). Results with GEN, on the other hand, have been inconsistent.…”

Section: Bone Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-species and interassay comparisons of phytoestrogen action.

Whitten

Patisaul

2001

Environ Health Perspect

174

105

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This paper compiles animal and human data on the biologic effects and exposure levels of phytoestrogens in order to identify areas of research in which direct species comparisons can be made. In vitro and in vivo assays of phytoestrogen action and potency are reviewed and compared to actions, dose-response relationships, and estimates of exposure in human subjects. Binding studies show that the isoflavonoid phytoestrogens are high-affinity ligands for estrogen receptors (ERs), especially ER beta, but have lower potency in whole-cell assays, perhaps because of interactions with binding proteins. Many other enzymatic actions require concentrations higher than those normally seen in plasma. In vivo data show that phytoestrogens have a wide range of biologic effects at doses and plasma concentrations seen with normal human diets. Significant in vivoresponses have been observed in animal and human tests for bone, breast, ovary, pituitary, vasculature, prostate, and serum lipids. The doses reported to be biologically active in humans (0.4--10 mg/kg body weight/day) are lower than the doses generally reported to be active in rodents (10--100 mg/kg body weight/day), although some studies have reported rodent responses at lower doses. However, available estimates of bioavailability and peak plasma levels in rodents and humans are more similar. Steroidogenesis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis appear to be important loci of phytoestrogen actions, but these inferences must be tentative because good dose-response data are not available for many end points. The similarity of reported proliferative and antiproliferative doses illustrates the need for fuller examination of dose-response relationships and multiple end points in assessing phytoestrogen actions.

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Section: Bone Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-species and interassay comparisons of phytoestrogen action.

Whitten

Patisaul

2001

Environ Health Perspect

174

105

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“…A single published study has examined the effects of phytooestrogens on bone tissues in organ culture. Tsutsumi (1995) reported that coumestrol inhibited bone resoption and stimulated bone mineralization in 9-d-old chick embryonic femur explants. In addition, the increased bone resorption resulting from treatment with parathyroid hormone, the hormonal form of vitamin D, or prostaglandin E 2 could be inhibited by coumestrol or 17b-oestradiol.…”

Section: In Vitro Bone Cell Studies Of Phyto-oestrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of phyto-oestrogens on tissues

Anderson¹,

Anthony²,

Messina³

et al. 1999

Nutr. Res. Rev.

146

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Recent investigations on the effects of phyto-oestrogens on various tissues have revealed that these diverse molecules may improve human health, particularly by protecting against certain chronic diseases. After a brief examination of the food sources, structures, and general cellular actions of the major phyto-oestrogens, current research ®ndings on cardiovascular disease, skeletal tissues, and reproductive cancers are reviewed. Phytooestrogen concentrations in blood may be maintained at high levels in those consuming soyabean (Glycine max)-based food daily at several meals and exert their effects on target cells through either genomic effects via the classical oestrogen receptors or non-genomic effects mediated by membrane-bound oestrogen receptors or other cellular proteins. The expression of oestrogen receptor (OR) subtypes alpha (a) and beta (b) varies across tissues, and cells that preferentially express OR-b, which may include bone cells, are more likely to respond to phyto-oestrogens. Conversely, reproductive tissues contain relatively more OR-a and may, thus, be differently affected by phyto-oestrogens. Soyabean phytooestrogens appear to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis through multiple interactions, including lowering of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, increased vasodilatation and, possibly, decreased activation of blood platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells. However, a favourable impact on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality by a soyabean-enriched western-type diet remains to be shown, and unresolved questions remain regarding dose and form of the phyto-oestrogens in relation to risks and bene®ts. The iso¯avones of soyabean have been shown consistently to have bone-retentive effects in animal studies by several investigators using rodent models, although intakes must be above a relatively high threshold level for a lengthy period of time, and little or no extra bene®t is observed with intakes above this threshold level. The reports of modest or no effects on prevention of bone loss in human and non-human primate studies respectively, may be due to the limited doses tested so far. The relationship between soyabean-food intake and cancer risk has been more extensively investigated than for any other disease, but with less certainty Abbreviations: MNV, N-nitroso-N-methylurea; OR, oestrogen receptor; ORE, oestrogen response element; OVX, ovariectomized; SORM, selective oestrogen receptor modulator.

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“…For example, coumestane is one kind of phytoestrogen whose chemical structure presents similarities with estradiol. Some in vitro experiments had demonstrated the estrogenic activities of coumestrol (one coumestane) capable of binding to blood steroidbinding proteins and to estrogen receptors of target cells (Verdeal et al, 1980) and produce a protective effect against osteoporosis (Tsutsumi, 1995). It was generally agreed that at least one phenolic group and prenyl group were required for the antifungal/antimicrobial activity of flavonoid compounds (Denis & Ragai, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppressive activity on the murine immune responses of glycyrol fromGlycyrrhiza uralensisvia inhibition of calcineurin activity

et al. 2010

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Effect of Coumestrol on Bone Metabolism in Organ Culture.

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Cross-species and interassay comparisons of phytoestrogen action.

Cross-species and interassay comparisons of phytoestrogen action.

Effects of phyto-oestrogens on tissues

Immunosuppressive activity on the murine immune responses of glycyrol fromGlycyrrhiza uralensisvia inhibition of calcineurin activity

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