Effect of counter-ions on the properties and performance of non-conjugated polyelectrolyte interlayers in solar cell and transistor devices

Kang, J. H.; Park, Yu Jung; Joo, Myung; Yi, Yeonjin; Song, Aeran; Chung, Kwun Bum; Seo, Jung Hwa; Walker, Bright

doi:10.1039/c9ra04299g

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Polymers 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 10 consistent with nitrogen in a tertiary organic amine bonding state, which was expected to be the predominant bonding state in the PEIE backbone [38]. Previous NMR studies of the materials confirmed the degree of functionalization in the backbone (nitrogen quaternization) of this series of polyelectrolytes [39]. Figure 3d-f corresponds to photoelectron emission bands of Pb at 138.7 eV from all films, consistent with the +2 oxidation state in this metal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Hybrid Lead-Halide Polyelectrolytes as Interfacial Electron Extraction Layers in Inverted Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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A series of lead-halide based hybrid polyelectrolytes was prepared and used as interfacial layers in organic solar cells (OSCs) to explore their effect on the energy band structures and performance of OSCs. Nonconjugated polyelectrolytes based on ethoxylated polyethylenimine (PEIE) complexed with PbX2 (I, Br, and Cl) were prepared as polymeric analogs of the perovskite semiconductors CH3NH3PbX3. The organic/inorganic hybrid composites were deposited onto Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by solution processing, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements confirmed that the polyelectrolytes allowed the work function of the substrates to be controlled. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that Pb(II) halide complexes were present in the thin film and that the Pb halide species did not bond covalently with the cationic polymer and confirmed the absence of additional chemical bonds. The composite ratio of organic and inorganic materials was optimized to improve the performance of OSCs. When PbBr2 was complexed with the PEIE material, the efficiency increased up to 3.567% via improvements in open circuit voltage and fill factor from the control device (0.3%). These results demonstrate that lead-halide based polyelectrolytes constitute hybrid interfacial layers which provide a novel route to control device characteristics via variation of the lead halide composition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Hybrid Lead-Halide Polyelectrolytes as Interfacial Electron Extraction Layers in Inverted Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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“…Device with PFBP–I as ETM showed a slightly lower PCE of 15.22% due to its lower solubility in polar solvents, which prevents the formation of high‐quality thin‐film upon active layer. [ 71 ] Devices with PFBP–BArF 4 as ETM showed poor performance (10.53%), which can be explained by the mismatch of energy alignments in the cathode. The external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) for devices with CPEs were also conducted and the integration of EQE curves (Figure 4b) confirmed the J sc output in photovoltaic devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldol Condensation‐Polymerized n‐Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for High‐Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Doping provides an efficient strategy to control the electronic properties of organic semiconductors. However, compared with the widely reported p-type doping protocols, n-type doping of organic semiconductors still remains a challenge. Herein, a series of novel n-doped conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with high doping levels and conductivity are designed. These CPEs are synthesized via a facile, metal-free, and high-yield aldol condensation protocol from bis-isatin and bis-oxindole monomers. The designed CPEs possess a n-type electron-deficient and rigid conjugated backbone, resulting in easy charge delocalization, enhanced n-doping behaviors, and high conductivity. The evolution on the counterions of these CPEs further alters their n-doping behaviors, charge transporting properties, and work function tunability, etc. By using these CPEs as electron transport materials (ETMs) for nonfullerene polymer solar cells (NF-PSCs), high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 16% can be achieved when PM6:Y6 is used as the active component. Moreover, these CPEs can enable efficient NF-PSCs even if their thicknesses are up to 60 nm, indicating the potential of these CPEs as thickness-insensitive ETMs for the fabrication of large-area NF-PSCs.

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“…Do et al noted comparable trends when using cationic polyelectrolytes based on viologens that comprise various sizes of the anion. 20,45 It should be noted that the J sc improvement was most important for the device with NDIN-I. A typical shift from a Schottky to an ohmic contact is suggested by an increase in J sc .…”

Section: Interfacial Properties Of Ito Modified With Smsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode Interlayer Based on Naphthalene Diimide: A Modification Strategy for Zinc-Oxide-Free Inverted Organic Solar Cells

Nasrun

Nisa

Salma

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Perylene diimide with ammonium oxide as a terminal group (named PDIN-O) is a well-known cathode interlayer in conventional-type organic solar cells (OSCs). Since naphthalene diimide exhibits a lower LUMO level than perylene diimide, we chose it as a core to further control the LUMO level of the materials. Small molecules (SMs) produce a beneficial interfacial dipole by the end of ionic functionality at the side chain of naphthalene diimide. With the active layer based on a nonfullerene acceptor (PM6:Y6BO), the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is enhanced by utilizing SMs as cathode interlayers. We discovered that the inverted-type OSC with naphthalene diimide with oxide as a counteranion (NDIN-O) shows poor thermal stability, which can cause irreversible damage to the interlayer−cathode contact, leading to poor PCE (11.1%). To overcome the disadvantage, we introduce NDIN-Br and NDIN-I with a higher decomposition temperature. An excellent PCE of 14.6% was achieved with the device based on NDIN-Br as an interlayer, which is almost the same as the PCE of the ZnO-based device (15.0%). The device based on NDIN-I without the ZnO layer exhibits an improved PCE of 15.4%, which is slightly higher than the ZnO-based device. The result offers a replacement of the ZnO interlayer, which is necessary to carefully manage the sol−gel transition by annealing temperatures as high as 200 °C and leading to low-cost manufacture of OSCs.

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Effect of counter-ions on the properties and performance of non-conjugated polyelectrolyte interlayers in solar cell and transistor devices

Abstract: Non-conjugated polyelectrolytes are empolyed as interfacial layers at the electrodes of solar cells and transistor devices to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device performance.

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Hybrid Lead-Halide Polyelectrolytes as Interfacial Electron Extraction Layers in Inverted Organic Solar Cells

Hybrid Lead-Halide Polyelectrolytes as Interfacial Electron Extraction Layers in Inverted Organic Solar Cells

Aldol Condensation‐Polymerized n‐Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for High‐Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells

Cathode Interlayer Based on Naphthalene Diimide: A Modification Strategy for Zinc-Oxide-Free Inverted Organic Solar Cells

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