Effect of counterions on complex coacervation

Tainaka, Kei–ichi

doi:10.1002/bip.1980.360190705

Cited by 84 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The overall formation of complex coacervates is strongly dependent upon solution conditions (i.e., pH and ionic strength), and is driven through a combination of attractive electrostatic forces and entropically-favorable molecular rearrangements, where the loss of configurational entropy caused by the electrostatic interaction of oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes is counterbalanced by the release of small, bound, counter-ions from the polyelectrolyte salts into solution [2,6,14,[36][37][38][39][40][41]. This critical entropic dependence on the release of counter-ions is considered to be the main reason why complex coacervation is sensitive to the overall concentration of salt ions present.…”

Section: Figure 1 (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Salt on the Complex Coacervation of Vinyl Polyelectrolytes

et al. 2014

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Abstract:Complex coacervation is an electrostatically-driven phase separation phenomenon that is utilized in a wide range of everyday applications and is of great interest for the creation of self-assembled materials. Here, we utilized turbidity to characterize the effect of salt type on coacervate formation using two vinyl polyelectrolytes, poly(acrylic acid sodium salt) (pAA) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (pAH), as simple models for industrial and biological coacervates. We confirmed the dominant role of salt valence on the extent of coacervate formation, while demonstrating the presence of significant secondary effects, which can be described by Hofmeister-like behavior. These results revealed the importance of ion-specific interactions, which are crucial for the informed design of coacervate-based materials for use in complex ionic environments, and can enable more detailed theoretical investigations on the role of subtle electrostatic and thermodynamic effects in complex coacervation.

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Section: Figure 1 (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Salt on the Complex Coacervation of Vinyl Polyelectrolytes

et al. 2014

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“…Each of these parameters has been widely studied. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] However, they have generally been studied independently rather than as part of a whole process. A few studies have shown interactions between parameters, but none have covered the entire manufacturing procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and characterization of microcapsules by complex coacervation with liquid or solid aroma cores

Leclercq

Harlander

Reineccius

2008

Flavour & Fragrance J

105

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The process parameters typically reported in the literature for the encapsulation of aroma compounds via coacervation are reviewed and their effects on capsule formation discussed. We then report on our approach to produce coacervates [liquid (limonene or medium chain triglycerides) or solid core (menthol)] using gum acacia/gelatin as wall materials. Manufacturing parameters were optimized to allow the production of consistent batches of coacervate microcapsules. Capsules were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and freeze-dried. Coacervates were characterized for their structure and shape, size distribution, flavour load and water uptake rate. In addition, a brief storage study compared the ability of coacervate capsules and spray-dried capsules (using modified starch as carrier material) to protect limonene from oxidation. No detectable increase in limonene oxide could be detected in capsules made by coacervation over 25 days in storage at 45°C, whereas a significant increase in limonene oxide was detected in spray-dried powder over the same period. Encapsulation by coacervation (as described in this paper) appears to be an effective technique for encapsulating aroma compounds and provides a good barrier against oxidation of sensitive material.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Historical and current investigations into complex coacervates have studied the formation of such phases in natural polymers, such as proteins or polysaccharides, which are currently widely used as food additives. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Despite the utility of these systems, there has only recently been a resurgence of interest in their molecular behavior, in particular for its promise as a powerful route to self-assembled materials such as micelles, 3,[19][20][21][22] block copolymers, [23][24][25][26] and layer-bylayer assembly. [27][28][29][30] This recent activity in the field is concomitant with a desire to emulate the molecular features observed in a number of biological materials, such as underwater adhesives in mussels and the matrix adhesive holding together the dwelling of a sandcastle worm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PRISM-Based Theory of Complex Coacervation: Excluded Volume versus Chain Correlation

2015

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Aqueous solutions of oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation into materials known as complex coacervates. These coacervates have been a subject of intense experimental and theoretical interest. Efforts to provide a physical description of complex coacervates have led to a number of theories that qualitatively (and sometimes quantitatively) agree with experimental data. However, this agreement often occurs in a degeneracy of models with profoundly different starting assumptions and different levels of sophistication. Theoretical difficulties in these systems are similar to those in most polyelectrolyte systems where charged species are highly correlated. These highly-correlated systems can be described using Liquid State (LS) integral equation theories, which surpass mean field theories by providing information * To whom correspondence should be addressed † University of Massachusetts Amherst ‡ University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 1 on local charge ordering. We extend these ideas to complex coacervate systems using PRISM-type theories, and are able to capture effects not observable in traditional coacervate models, particularly connectivity and excluded volume effects. We can thus bridge two traditional but incommensurate theories meant to describe complex coacervates: the Voorn-Overbeek theory and counterion release. Importantly, we hypothesize that a cancellation of connectivity and excluded volume effects provides an explanation for the ability of Voorn-Overbeek theory to fit experimental data despite its well-known approximations.

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Effect of counterions on complex coacervation

Cited by 84 publications

References 3 publications

The Effect of Salt on the Complex Coacervation of Vinyl Polyelectrolytes

The Effect of Salt on the Complex Coacervation of Vinyl Polyelectrolytes

Formation and characterization of microcapsules by complex coacervation with liquid or solid aroma cores

PRISM-Based Theory of Complex Coacervation: Excluded Volume versus Chain Correlation

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