“…There are several factors influencing the value of CMC of cationic GS, such as the following: temperature, chemical structure, and the presence of other substances in the solution [ 1 ]. Construction elements affecting CMC values are the length or nature of the spacer [ 68 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ] and the kind of counter ion [ 69 , 88 , 89 ]. However, the length of hydrocarbon substituent affects the greatest impact on surface activity [ 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 ].…”