Effect of COVID-19 on childhood Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Chengdu, China

Zhang, Ying; Huang, Yongping; Ai, Tao; Luo, Jie; Liu, Hanmin

doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02679-z

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is unclear whether this finding is due to the epidemiological characteristics of MP itself or the impact of public interventions. This result is also in agreement with the findings of Zhang et al ( 3 ) who assessed cases of MP infections in Chengdu, China, every month from January 2017 to December 2020, and found that limiting close contact reduced the transmission of MP. It was confirmed that public-intervention measures can effectively reduce MP infection rates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infection and Respiratory Pathogen Isolation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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Objective: We sought to compare the clinical characteristics of pediatric respiratory tract infection and respiratory pathogen isolations during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to those of cases in 2018 and 2019.Methods: Our study included all children from 28 days to 15 years old with respiratory tract infections who were admitted to the Department of Respiration, in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, between January 2018 and December 2020. Human rhinovirus (HRV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and human bocavirus (HBoV) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); In parallel, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and bacteria were detected by culture in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage specimen, and pleural fluid.Results: Compared to 2018 and 2019, the pathogen detection rate was significantly lower in 2020. With regard to infections caused by single pathogens, in 2020, the detection rates of MP were the lowest and those of HRV were the highest when compared to those in 2018 and 2019. Meanwhile, the positive rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and hMPV reported in 2020 were less than those recorded in 2018 but similar to those recorded in 2019. Also, the 2020 rate of adenovirus (ADV) was lower than that recorded in 2019, but similar to that recorded in 2018. There were no statistical differences in the positive rates of HBoV and PIV III over the 3 years surveyed. Infections in infants were significantly less common in 2020, but no significant difference was found among children aged 1 to 3 years. The detection rate of pathogens in children old than 5 years in 2020 was significantly lower than those recorded in the previous 2 years. Notably, the pathogen detection rates in the first and second quarters of 2020 were similar to those recorded in the previous 2 years; however, the rates were reduced in the third and fourth quarters of 2020. As for co-infections, the positive rate was at its lowest in 2020. In the previous 2 years, viral–MP was the most common type of mixed infection. By contrast, in 2020, viral–viral infections were the most common combination.Conclusion: The pathogen detection rate was significantly reduced in Suzhou City during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public interventions may help to prevent respiratory pathogen infections in children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infection and Respiratory Pathogen Isolation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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“…Compared to 2019, the total positive rate of atypical pathogens decreased in 2020, with an emphasis on the positive rate of MP detection from 32.9% to 21.5%. This was consistent with previous results obtained in other regions of China ( Li et al., 2021 ), in which the number of positive MP cases significantly decreased in 2020 for the public health response to COVID-19 ( Zhang et al., 2021b ). The positive rate of CP among children with acute respiratory infection decreased from 0.9% in 2019 to 0.3% in 2020, which was significantly lower than that of MP infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This may be because the number of MP -positive patients did not decrease as fast as the total number of hospitalizations. The numbers of MP -positive patients and the total number of hospitalizations from March to December 2020 were obviously lower than those in 2019, which was consistent with previous results found in Chengdu, China ( Zhang et al., 2021b ). Although the positive rate of CP was low in both 2019 and 2020, the number of CP -positive patients monthly in 2020 was still significantly decreased compared with that in 2019.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Epidemiological Study on Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection of Hospitalized Children in a Single Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cai

Shou²,

Ye³

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundSince the outbreak of COVID-19, a series of preventive and control measures in China have been used to effectively curb the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsMP IgM antibody and CP IgM antibody were detected in all hospitalized children due to acute respiratory tract infection in the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University from January 2019 to December 2020. These data were compared between 2019 and 2020 based on age and month.ResultsThe overall detection rate of MP and CP in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2019 (MP: 21.5% vs 32.9%, P<0.001; CP: 0.3% vs 0.9%, P<0.001). This study found a 4-fold reduction in the number of children positive for MP and a 7.5-fold reduction in the number of children positive for CP from 2019 to 2020. The positive cases were concentrated in children aged >1 year old. In 2019, the positive rate of MP was detected more commonly in children 3 years of age or older than in younger children. In 2020, the higher positive rate of MP reached a peak in the 3- to 6-year age group (35.3%). CP was detected predominantly in children aged 6 years older in 2019 and 2020, with positive rates of 4.8% and 2.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, the positive rates of MP in 2019 were detected more commonly in July, August and September, with 47.2%, 46.7% and 46.3%, respectively. Nevertheless, the positive rates of MP from February to December 2020 apparently decreased compared to those in 2019. The positive rates of CP were evenly distributed throughout the year, with 0.5%-1.6% in 2019 and 0.0%-2.1% in 2020.ConclusionsA series of preventive and control measures for SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic can not only contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 but also sharply improve the infection of other atypical pathogens, including MP and CP.

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“…Data from some countries during the first months in 2020 indicated that the introduction of NPIs also coincided with a reduction in Mycoplasma pneumoniae detections [ 2 , 6 , 10 ]. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major bacterial cause of respiratory tract infections in children and adults [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma pneumoniae detections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a global survey, 2017 to 2021

Meyer Sauteur,

Beeton,

Uldum

et al. 2022

Eurosurveillance

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Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections are transmitted by aerosol and droplets in close contact. Aim We investigated global M. pneumoniae incidence after implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19 in March 2020. Methods We surveyed M. pneumoniae detections from laboratories and surveillance systems (national or regional) across the world from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021 and compared them with cases from corresponding months between 2017 and 2020. Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMp) data were collected from 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2021. Results Thirty-seven sites from 21 countries in Europe, Asia, America and Oceania submitted valid datasets (631,104 tests). Among the 30,617 M. pneumoniae detections, 62.39% were based on direct test methods (predominantly PCR), 34.24% on a combination of PCR and serology (no distinction between methods) and 3.37% on serology alone (only IgM considered). In all countries, M. pneumoniae incidence by direct test methods declined significantly after implementation of NPIs with a mean of 1.69% (SD ± 3.30) compared with 8.61% (SD ± 10.62) in previous years (p < 0.01). Detection rates decreased with direct but not with indirect test methods (serology) (–93.51% vs + 18.08%; p < 0.01). Direct detections remained low worldwide throughout April 2020 to March 2021 despite widely differing lockdown or school closure periods. Seven sites (Europe, Asia and America) reported MRMp detections in one of 22 investigated cases in April 2020 to March 2021 and 176 of 762 (23.10%) in previous years (p = 0.04). Conclusions This comprehensive collection of M. pneumoniae detections worldwide shows correlation between COVID-19 NPIs and significantly reduced detection numbers.

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Effect of COVID-19 on childhood Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Chengdu, China

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infection and Respiratory Pathogen Isolation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infection and Respiratory Pathogen Isolation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Epidemiological Study on Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection of Hospitalized Children in a Single Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mycoplasma pneumoniae detections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a global survey, 2017 to 2021

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