Effect of Cranberries on Urinary Acidity and Blood Alkali Reserve

Fellers, C. R.; Redmon, B. C.; Parrott, E. M.

doi:10.1093/jn/6.5.455

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Blatherwick and Long observed in 1923 that the excretion of both titratable, organic, and hippuric acid was elevated after the ingestion of cranberries (Blatherwick and Long, 1923). Quinic acid in cranberries might be metabolized to hippuric acid (Quick, 1931; Gonthier et al, 2003), which is a strong antibacterial agent (Fellers et al, 1933). Studies have shown that consuming large amounts of lemon, blackcurrant, and orange juice leads to a higher urinary excretion of citric acid (Wabner and Pak, 1993; Seltzer et al, 1996; Kessler et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to acidification, citric acid also functions as a metal-chelating agent (Verhoff, 1986) and may possibly exert its antimicrobial activity by disruptive action on the outer membrane (Helander and Mattila-Sandholm, 2000). Quinic acid might be metabolized to hippuric acid, which is a strong antibacterial agent (Fellers et al, 1933). However, the active compounds responsible for the effect of cranberry juice in UTI has not yet been fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cranberry Juice and Combinations of Its Organic Acids Are Effective against Experimental Urinary Tract Infection

et al. 2017

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The antibacterial effect of cranberry juice and the organic acids therein on infection by uropathogenic Escherichia coli was studied in an experimental mouse model of urinary tract infection (UTI). Reduced bacterial counts were found in the bladder (P < 0.01) of mice drinking fresh cranberry juice. Commercially available cranberry juice cocktail also significantly reduced (P < 0.01) bacterial populations in the bladder, as did the hydrophilic fraction of cranberry juice (P < 0.05). Quinic, malic, shikimic, and citric acid, the preponderant organic acids in cranberry juice, were tested in combination and individually. The four organic acids also decreased bacterial levels in the bladder when administered together (P < 0.001), and so did the combination of malic plus citric acid (P < 0.01) and malic plus quinic acid (P < 0.05). The other tested combinations of the organic acids, and the acids administered singly, did not have any effect in the UTI model. Apparently, the antibacterial effect of the organic acids from cranberry juice on UTI can be obtained by administering a combination of malic acid and either citric or quinic acid. This study show for the first time that cranberry juice reduce E. coli colonization of the bladder in an experimental mouse model of urinary tract infection and that the organic acids are active agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranberry Juice and Combinations of Its Organic Acids Are Effective against Experimental Urinary Tract Infection

et al. 2017

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“…PACs from cranberries are generally poorly absorbed from the gut per se and are rarely found in human urine [24,39]. On the other hand, the concentration of flavonoid metabolites such as hippuric acid has been shown to increase in urine after cranberry consumption, as is also observed after drinking black or green tea [24,40,41]. Accordingly, many Japanese volunteers already had anti-adhesive properties in their urine before any cranberry consumption [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm formation and virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in urine after consumption of cranberry-lingonberry juice

Tapiainen

Jauhiainen

Jaakola

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Cranberry-lingonberry juice (CLJ) was effective in preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in our earlier randomized clinical trial. We aimed to test whether consumption of CLJ at a similar dose to earlier reduces the biofilm formation and virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in urine. Twenty healthy women drank 100 ml of CLJ daily for two weeks. Urine samples were obtained 2-4 hours after the last dose. Control samples were taken after a one-week period without berry consumption. Biofilm formation of 20 E. coli strains was measured at 72 hours by the polystyrene microtitre plate method. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses were performed for selected genes. Four of the 20 clinical strains produced more biofilm in urine after CLJ consumption (P < 0.05) and one produced less. Expression levels of the pga, cpxA, fimA and papF genes did not differ between bacteria grown in control urine and urine obtained after CLJ consumption, except for pga gene expression, which was reduced in one strain after CLJ (P = 0.04). It appears that the effect of CLJ in preventing UTIs is not explained by mechanisms that reduce biofilm formation or the expression of selected virulence genes of Escherichia coli in urine.

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“…At the beginning of 20th century, antimicrobial cranberry studies were based on the possibility of acidification of urine or by excretion of hypoxic acid, a potent bacteriostatic associated to the fruit ingestion (Blatherwick, 1923;Moen, 1962); but other results questioned this mechanism (Fellers, 1933;Nickey, 1975). It is in the 1980' that research on bacterial adhesion began to be considered as a mechanism of action of cranberry in UTI (Schmidt & Sabot, 1989;Sabot, 1984;Safire et al, 1989); since then, dozen of articles have been reporting in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiences of its antiadhesion activity.…”

Section: In Vitro and In Vivo Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%