Effect of Crowding during the Larval Period on the Determination of the Wing-form of an Adult Plant-hopper

Kisimoto, Ryôiti

doi:10.1038/178641a0

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…In N. lugens, macropters show higher tolerance to starvation and dryness, 4,5) the former phenomena confirmed by later studies. [20][21][22] A great variation in starvation period was found in long-winged adults of N. lugens collected in Asia, 23) indicating that macropters are more tolerant to various stressors than brachypters.…”

Section: Differences In Tolerance To Permethrin In the Two Lines Of Nsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…4,5) We showed here that the longwinged BL line of N. lugens was 2 times more tolerant to permethrin on a wet-weight basis compared to the short-winged BS line when they were treated within 1 day of adult emergence ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Differences In Tolerance To Permethrin In the Two Lines Of Nmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…2,3) The adults exhibit wing dimorphism: brachypters with short wings and macropters with long wings; the macropters show delayed reproduction, lower fecundity, and higher tolerance to starvation and dryness when compared to brachypters, and so macropters are regarded to be adaptable for migration and brachypters for sedentary life. 4,5) One of the serious problems for control of N. lugens by insecticide is resurgence, and investigation has focused more on the ecological aspects of resurgence. 6,7) However, during the last decade, works have been progressing to realize the physiological mechanisms of resurgence and to induce higher fecundity of N. lugens by insecticide application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stimulation of vitellogenin gene expression by permethrin in the brown planthopper, <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae)

et al. 2014

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We investigated permethrin effects on female adults of Nilaparvata lugens using a line with long wings, which initiated ovarian development one day after adult emergence. Vitellogenin gene (Vg) expression was significantly enhanced in the adults 1 day after topical application of 10 ng or more of permethrin per individual at 0-day-old adulthood. Similar triggering action of the expression was observed by application of juvenile hormone (JH) III, but such actions were blocked by application together with precocene II, an antagonist of the JH. Enhanced Vg expression and earlier oviposition were found in adults of the next generation when adults of the preceding generation were treated with permethrin. These results strongly indicate that permethrin functions initially to induce JH III synthesis in adults before initiating ovarian development in the females, which triggers Vg expression, finally rendering the treated adults with earlier oviposition, even of the next generation, relating to resurgence.

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Section: Differences In Tolerance To Permethrin In the Two Lines Of Nsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Differences In Tolerance To Permethrin In the Two Lines Of Nmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stimulation of vitellogenin gene expression by permethrin in the brown planthopper, <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae)

et al. 2014

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“…Other polyphenisms are determined later in development, are intragenerational, and result in less differentiated forms that may only differ in one particular trait (7). For example, the brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens) produces long-winged and reduced-winged morphs in response to population density and host plant quality, and determination occurs at later nymphal instars (48,49). The morphs differ primarily in their wing size, and consequently their flight capability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecdysone signaling underlies the pea aphid transgenerational wing polyphenism

Vellichirammal

Gupta

Hall

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

102

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The wing polyphenism of pea aphids is a compelling laboratory model with which to study the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity. In this polyphenism, environmental stressors such as high aphid density cause asexual, viviparous adult female aphids to alter the developmental fate of their embryos from wingless to winged morphs. This polyphenism is transgenerational, in that the pea aphid mother experiences the environmental signals, but it is her offspring that are affected. Previous research suggested that the steroid hormone ecdysone may play a role in this polyphenism. Here, we analyzed ecdysone-related gene expression patterns and found that they were consistent with a down-regulation of the ecdysone pathway being involved in the production of winged offspring. We therefore predicted that reduced ecdysone signaling would result in more winged offspring. Experimental injections of ecdysone or its analog resulted in a decreased production of winged offspring. Conversely, interfering with ecdysone signaling using an ecdysone receptor antagonist or knocking down the ecdysone receptor gene with RNAi resulted in an increased production of winged offspring. Our results are therefore consistent with the idea that ecdysone plays a causative role in the regulation of the proportion of winged offspring produced in response to crowding in this polyphenism. Our results also show that an environmentally regulated maternal hormone can mediate phenotype production in the next generation, as well as provide significant insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the functioning of transgenerational phenotypic plasticity.

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“…Various environmental cues such as crowding, host plant quality, photoperiod and temperature are known to influence the development of alternative wing morphs. The long-winged morph can be promoted by overcrowding density encountered during nymphal development, and is intensified by low-quality plants [8,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Nymphs reared under the condition of short day length or low temperature were found to develop into shortwinged morphs [8,24].…”

Section: Environmental Factors Influencing Wing Dimorphism In the Bromentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin receptors and wing dimorphism in rice planthoppers

Xu¹,

Zhang²

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Wing polymorphism contributes significantly to the success of a wide variety of insects. However, its underlying molecular mechanism is less well understood. The migratory planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens , is one of the most extensively studied insects for wing polymorphism, due to its natural features of short- and long-winged morphs. Using the BPH as an example, we first surveyed the environmental cues that possibly influence wing developmental plasticity. Second, we explained the molecular basis by which two insulin receptors (InR1 and InR2) act as switches to determine alternative wing morphs in the BPH. This finding provides an additional layer of regulatory mechanism underlying wing polymorphism in insects in addition to juvenile hormones. Further, based on a discrete domain structure between InR1 and InR2 across insect species, we discussed the potential roles by which they might contribute to insect polymorphism. Last, we concluded with future directions of disentangling the insulin signalling pathway in the BPH, which serves as an ideal model for studying wing developmental plasticity in insects. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity’.

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Effect of Crowding during the Larval Period on the Determination of the Wing-form of an Adult Plant-hopper

Cited by 76 publications

References 0 publications

Stimulation of vitellogenin gene expression by permethrin in the brown planthopper, <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae)

Stimulation of vitellogenin gene expression by permethrin in the brown planthopper, <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae)

Ecdysone signaling underlies the pea aphid transgenerational wing polyphenism

Insulin receptors and wing dimorphism in rice planthoppers

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