Effect of Crude Saponin of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in the Rat

Kim, Ji Hyun; Hahm, Dae Hyun; Yang, Deck Chun; Kim, Jang Hyun; Lee, Hye Jung; Shim, Insop

doi:10.1254/jphs.fp0040184

Cited by 200 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These results suggest that KGE exerts the anti-obesity effect as well as a hypolipidemic effect in HFD-induced obese mice. And they are in accordance with previous reports that the supplementation of ginseng extracts and ginsenosides has anti-obesity and hypolipidemia in HFDinduced obese animals and obese type 2 diabetic animals, in spite of not showing the anti-diabetic effect in other reports (Yamamoto et al 1983;Chung et al 2001;Attele et al 2002;Yoon et al 2003;Yun et al 2004;Kim et al 2005;Karu et al 2007). We expect that difference would be caused by the differences in dietary fat content, feeding period, kind of experimental and components of ginseng extracts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Ginseng extract and isolated ginsenosides displayed antihyperglycemic and anti-obesity activities following administration to diabetic rodents such as ob/ob and KKA y mice (Chung et al 2001;Attele et al 2002). Wild ginseng extract and crude saponins were also shown to reduce plasma lipid levels and obesity when administered to rodents fed a high-fat diet (Yoon et al 2003;Kim et al 2005;Karu et al 2007). Although the anti-obesity effects of ginseng and ginsenosides have been reported, the molecular mechanism by which ginseng reduces obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet is still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Korean white ginseng extracts on obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

et al. 2010

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The present study examined the antiobesity effect and mechanism of action of Korean white ginseng extracts (KGE) using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), HFD or HFD containing 0.8 and 1.6% (w/ w) KGE diet (HFD ? 0.8KGE and HFD ? 1.6KGE) for 8 weeks. We also examined the effects of KGE on plasma triglyceride (TG) elevation in mice administrated with oral lipid emulsion. Body weight gain and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight were significantly decreased in the HFD ? 1.6KGE group, compared with the HFD group. The plasma TG levels were also significantly reduced in both HFD ? 0.8KGE and HFD ? 1.6KGE groups, while leptin levels were significantly decreased in only the HFD ? 1.6KGE group, compared with the HFD group. The HFD ? 1.6KGE group showed significantly lower mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorc2 (PPARc2), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), compared with the HFD group. In addition, a dose of 1000 mg/kg KGE inhibited the elevation of plasma TG levels compared with mice given the lipid emulsion alone. These results suggest that the anti-obesity effects of KGE may be elicited by regulating expression of lipogenesis-related genes in WAT and by delaying intestinal fat absorption.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Korean white ginseng extracts on obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

et al. 2010

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“…However, multiple studies reported that treatment with red ginseng extract or its functional constituents, saponins, led to a reduction in the mRNA levels of angiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF-A and FGF-2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (e.g., MMP-2 and MMP-9), and the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) in vivo [2][3][4]25]. In addition, immature black raspberry contains large amounts of ellagic acid, which can regulate the protein levels of Nrf2, NF-κB and CPT1 in an HFD-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome [26], and has anti-obesity effects [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several groups reported that the anti-obesity effect is attributed to ginseng saponins [2][3][4], which are classified into protopanaxadiol group (ginsenosides: Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Rg3, Rh2, and Rs) and protophanxatriol group (ginsenosides: Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, and Rh1) depending on their chemical structures. Red ginseng is known to contain large amounts of Rg2, Rg3, Rh1, and Rh2 ginsenosides that are effectively produced during the heating process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Obesity Effect of a Mixture of Skim Milk, Red Ginseng Extract, and Black Raspberry Extract Fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus on High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice

Yum¹,

Lee²,

Oh³

et al. 2016

J Food Chem Nanotechnol

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“…In mouse studies, knockout of the gene encoding the androgen receptor results in obesity, whereas overexpression of the androgen receptor results in decreased adipose tissue mass (Rana et al, 2011; crine, immune, and cardiovascular systems (Gillis, 1997;Attele et al, 1999;Lu et al, 2009). In addition, ginseng has been suggested to reduce weight gain in animal models of obesity and can effectively regulate genes involved in obesity (Attele et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2005;Karu et al, 2007;Mollah et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2009Lee et al, , 2012. Ginseng also significantly inhibits visceral obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy (Lee et al, , 2014, which is closely associated with metabolic syndromes (Okuno et al, 1998;Jeong and Yoon, 2009;Lee et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Potentiates the Inhibitory Actions of Testosterone on Obesity and Adipogenesis in High Fat Diet-Fed Castrated Mice

Park

Yoon

2017

BSL

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It has been suggested that ginseng is beneficial for ameliorating the aging males' symptoms, such as weight gain, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and depression, in elderly men with testosterone deficiency. We thus investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; Araliaceae) on obesity in a mouse model of testosterone deficiency (castrated C57BL/6J mice). The effects of ginseng extract (GE) and/or testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed castrated C57BL/6J mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were examined using in vivo and in vitro approaches. After feeding mice a HFD for 8 weeks, we found that mice also receiving GE and/or testosterone showed decreased body weight, adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size, and hepatic lipid accumulation compared with untreated HFD-fed mice. Expression of adipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2) was decreased by GE and/or testosterone in adipose tissues. Consistent with the in vivo data, lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of adipogenesis genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were decreased by GE, ginsenosides, and testosterone. The inhibitory effects of GE (or ginsenosides) were comparable to those of testosterone, and the effects of co-treatment with GE (or ginsenosides) and testosterone were greater than those of testosterone alone in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that ginseng may be able to potentiate the inhibitory effects of testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in HFD-fed castrated mice, providing possible therapeutic implications in men with testosterone deficiency.Key Words: 3T3-L1 cell, Adipogenic gene, Ginsenosides, Lipid accumulation, Testosterone deficiency INTRODUCTIONA growing body of evidence suggests that obesity in the aging men is deeply associated with lowered testosterone levels (Michalakis et al., 2013;Fui et al., 2014;Traish, 2014;Kelly and Jones, 2015). Low testosterone levels induce increased fat mass and testosterone therapy in men with testosterone deficiency results in weight loss and a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (Yassin and Doros, 2013;Francomano et al., 2014;Kelly and Jones, 2015). In mouse studies, knockout of the gene encoding the androgen receptor results in obesity, whereas overexpression of the androgen receptor results in decreased adipose tissue mass (Rana et al., 2011;Semirale et al., 2011;McInnes et al., 2012;Varlamov et al., 2012).Ginseng has widely been used as a valuable medicine in Korea, China, and Japan for a long period (Yun, 2001;Yin et al., 2008;Park et al., 2012). Pharmacological studies have ○ CC This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.-262 -crine, immune, and cardiovascular systems (Gillis, 1997;Attele et al., 1999;Lu et al., 2009). In addition, ginseng has been suggested to reduce weight gain in animal models of obe...

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Effect of Crude Saponin of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in the Rat

Cited by 200 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of Korean white ginseng extracts on obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Effects of Korean white ginseng extracts on obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Anti-Obesity Effect of a Mixture of Skim Milk, Red Ginseng Extract, and Black Raspberry Extract Fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus on High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice

Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Potentiates the Inhibitory Actions of Testosterone on Obesity and Adipogenesis in High Fat Diet-Fed Castrated Mice

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