Effect of crumb rubber on mechanical properties of multi-phase syntactic foams

Pham, Thong M.; Kingston, J. G. R.; Strickland, Gary; Chen, Wensu

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.12.033

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Therefore, various research efforts have been poured into enhancing the toughness of epoxy foams. Typically, a second phase consisting of soft and nonporous elastomeric particles is added into the epoxy foams to reduce their brittleness and increase their fracture toughness or fracture resistance. However, this increase in toughness and fracture resistance is often at the expense of their quasi‐static compressive properties.…”

Section: Physical and Mechanical Properties Of The Fabricated Macropomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…but for 10 wt.% nonporous (carboxy terminated acrylonitrile butadiene) rubber particle‐filled syntactic epoxy foams with a porosity of 50%. Pham et al . reported a (single edge‐notched) fracture toughness improvement of only 8% for syntactic epoxy foam filled with 15 wt.% nonporous crumb rubber compared to unfilled syntactic epoxy foam with a porosity of 21%.…”

Section: Physical and Mechanical Properties Of The Fabricated Macropomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the Fracture Resistance and Impact Toughness of Mechanically Frothed Epoxy Foams with Hollow Elastomeric Microspheres

Song

Tagarielli

Lee

2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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Nonporous elastomeric particles are often employed to improve the toughness of brittle epoxy foams but this also decreases their compressive strength and stiffness. Herein, a novel strategy utilizing hollow elastomeric microspheres as toughening agent for epoxy foams is presented. The addition of 0.5 wt.% hollow elastomeric microspheres into epoxy foam leads to a 15% increase in critical stress intensity factor (K 1c) to 0.38 MPa m0.5 and 33% increase in Charpy impact strength (acU ) to 1.05 kJ m−2, respectively, compared to unfilled epoxy foam (K 1c = 0.33 MPa m0.5 and acU = 0.79 kJ m−2). However, a further increase in the hollow elastomeric microsphere concentration to 1.0 wt.% leads to microsphere agglomeration, which reduces both K 1c and acU to 0.35 MPa m0.5 and 0.93 kJ m−2, respectively. Nevertheless, the added hollow elastomeric microspheres do not lead to a reduction in the quasi‐static compressive properties of the epoxy foams.

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Section: Physical and Mechanical Properties Of The Fabricated Macropomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical and Mechanical Properties Of The Fabricated Macropomentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Fracture Resistance and Impact Toughness of Mechanically Frothed Epoxy Foams with Hollow Elastomeric Microspheres

Song

Tagarielli

Lee

2018

Macro Materials & Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Up-to-date, many efforts have been devoted to improve the toughness of epoxy foams, in which nanoparticles, [4][5][6] rubber elastomers, [7][8][9][10][11] fibers, [12] and thermoplastic resins (TP) [13] were used as modified fillers. Pham et al reported that for the epoxy/glass microspheres two-phase syntactic foams, introducing 15% volume fraction of crumb rubber increased the fracture toughness (8%) and the fracture energy (22%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact energy absorption of the rubberized epoxy/glass microspheres/ carbon fiber three-phase syntactic foams was increased by 24% as compared to that of the syntactic foams without crumb rubber. [8] Gupta et al used 2 vol% rubber particles to modify the compressive fracture strain and energy absorption of epoxy syntactic foams. However, the 50% decrease in Young's modulus and 10% reduction in compressive strength were found by the incorporation of crumb rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell structures, phase morphologies and impact toughness of phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone)/epoxy composite foams

Ding

Zhou

Ren

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Thermoplastic phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone) (PEK‐C) /epoxy composite foams were prepared by free foaming process (Fre‐foams) and limited foaming process (Lim‐foams), respectively, and the effects of PEK‐C content and foaming methods on the cell structures, phase morphologies, and impact strength of epoxy foams were investigated. The results showed that the gas pressure in the bubbles promoted the resin curing process and polymerization‐induced phase separation process (PIPS) during the free foaming process, while the resin curing process and PIPS were highly constrained in Lim‐foams. The incorporation of PEK‐C in the Fre‐foams showed superior improvement in impact strength compared with the PEK‐C/epoxy Lim‐foams. By adding 12 wt% PEK‐C, the specific impact strength of Fre‐foams could be enhanced by 72%, and the improved specific impact strength was because the phase‐inverted structures could prevent crack initiation and propagation, and moreover the presence of PEK‐C led to significantly refine cell structure and reduce foam density. Interestingly, the impact strength of Lim‐foams was nearly independent on the PEK‐C content, it was attributed to the obviously increased cell size with increasing PEK‐C content, and also that the phase separation process was not carried out.

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“…Novel lightweight engineering materials must integrate desired combination of stiffness, strength, and toughness while enabling their high throughput fabrication into complex shapes [1]. High resistance to impact loading is among the most important properties of lightweight materials intended for structural applications in automotive parts, personal protection, and sporting goods [2][3][4][5][6][7]. To enhance fracture resistance of a cellular solid, local stiffness and strength should structurally be architected to decrease from the surface towards the interior, enabling crack deflection and reducing the crack driving force while preserving structural stiffness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Porosity Gradient on Mechanical Properties of Cellular Nano-Composites

et al. 2020

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With their hierarchical architectures incorporating gradients in composition, porosity, and orientation, natural materials have evolved optimized balance of mechanical properties. Deciphered from the structure of bamboo, we prepared cellular solids with convex and/or concave porosity gradient and investigated their static mechanical and impact properties. Non-monotonous porosity dependences of tensile, crush, and impact strength were related to the shape of porosity gradient rather than to the properties of the wall material alone. Our results provide experimental evidence, that novel mechanically robust low density additively fabricated cellular nano-composites with convex porosity gradient satisfy the structural requirements of lightweight engineering parts. Moreover, novel functions, such as reduced flammability or electrical conductivity, can easily be introduced by selecting the type and spatial organization of nanoparticles and cellular structure of the cellular micro-particles (CMPs).

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Effect of crumb rubber on mechanical properties of multi-phase syntactic foams

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Enhancing the Fracture Resistance and Impact Toughness of Mechanically Frothed Epoxy Foams with Hollow Elastomeric Microspheres

Enhancing the Fracture Resistance and Impact Toughness of Mechanically Frothed Epoxy Foams with Hollow Elastomeric Microspheres

Cell structures, phase morphologies and impact toughness of phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone)/epoxy composite foams

Effect of Porosity Gradient on Mechanical Properties of Cellular Nano-Composites

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