Effect of Cu addition on hardness and microstructural features of low alloy white cast iron

Banadkouki, S.S. Ghasemi; Mehranfar, Somayeh; Zarchi, H.R. Karimi

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/aaee48

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is known from [7] that a noticeable improvement in the microstructure and an increase in the hardness of low-alloy white cast iron up to 61 HRC can be achieved by introducing about 0.5% Cu into the melt. In studies [8,9], the authors used boron to modify complex-alloyed wear-resistant white cast irons of various compositions, which made it possible to achieve a significant improvement in the morphology of primary carbides by changing their chemical composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying Effect of a New Boron-Barium Ferroalloy on the Wear Resistance of Low-Chromium Cast Iron

Aubakirov

Issagulov

Kvon

et al. 2022

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents the results of a study and analysis of the effect of modifying low-chromium hypoeutectic cast iron with a new boron–barium ferroalloy on its properties—wear resistance and impact resistance—in comparison with traditional boron- and barium-containing additives. The uniqueness and novelty of the work lies in the study of the nature of changes in the structure and wear-resistant properties of low-chromium cast iron as a result of its modifying treatment with a new boron–barium ferroalloy. In a laboratory electric resistance furnace, low-chromium cast iron was melted, and four batches of prototypes were cast. Samples of the first batch, for subsequent comparison, were made without modification. When casting the remaining three batches of samples, the cast iron was modified with three different additives: ferroboron FeB12, ferrosilicobarium FeSi60Ba20, and a new complex boron–barium modifier. In order to compare the degree of effectiveness of the applied modifiers, a metallographic analysis of the structure was performed, hardness measurements were performed on the surface of the samples, and they were subjected to abrasion and cyclic shock-dynamic impact tests. In all cases, when modifying cast iron, there was an increase in hardness, a noticeable grinding of the microstructure, and a redistribution of structural components towards an increase in the proportion of perlite and finely dispersed ledeburite. A comparative analysis of the results of testing samples for dry friction and shock showed a higher surface resistance of cast samples made of modified cast iron compared to unmodified low-chromium cast iron of the same composition. A comparative study of the parameters of wear tracks and craters on damaged surfaces established that the most optimal combination of wear-resistant qualities of low-chromium cast iron occurs when it is treated with a complex boron–barium modifier, which is also evidenced by obtaining a more favorable microstructure.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying Effect of a New Boron-Barium Ferroalloy on the Wear Resistance of Low-Chromium Cast Iron

Aubakirov

Issagulov

Kvon

et al. 2022

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, the technique is not very versatile and can vary significantly for a given composition depending on the type of structure and its etching response and often relies on the expertise and experience of a metallographer to get the best contrasting resolution between different phase constituents [15]. Sometimes it is necessary to use several tint etching reagents separately or in succession to provide good contrast between different phases of the complex microstructures [14,16,17]. In recent years, many attempts have been made to conduct color metallography of the RA phase, but most of these attempts have failed [13,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This tint etching solution could have been useful to color and reveal the different phases, but there was a limitation in the detection of RA phase from martensite. Mehranfar et al [16] developed a new double-step color metallography technique, using an etching solution of 10% ammonium persulfate and Glyceregia to color and distinguish the RA and martensite phases from other phase constituents in a low alloy white cast iron. Various techniques are still underway with little or no success, and sometimes presenting conflicting reports regarding the microstructural characterization of bainite, martensite and retained austenite multiphase microstructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Light Metallography Versus Electron Microscopy for Detecting and Estimating Various Phases in a High-Strength Multiphase Steel

Pashangeh

Banadkouki

Besharati

et al. 2021

Metals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, fresh attempts have been made to identify and estimate the phase constituents of a high-silicon, medium carbon multiphase steel (DIN 1.5025 grade) subjected to austenitization at 900 °C for 5 min, followed by quenching and low-temperature bainitizing (Q&B) at 350 °C for 200 s. Several techniques were employed using different chemical etching reagents either individually (single-step) or in combination of two or more etchants in succession (multiple-step) for conducting color metallography. The results showed that the complex multiphase microstructures comprising a fine mixture of bainite, martensite and retained austenite phase constituents were selectivity stained/tinted with good contrasting resolution, as observed via conventional light optical microscopy observations. While the carbon-enriched martensite-retained austenite (M/RA) islands were revealed as cream-colored areas by using a double-step etching technique comprising etching with 10% ammonium persulfate followed by etching with Marble's reagent, the dark gray-colored bainite packets were easily distinguishable from the brown-colored martensite regions. However, the high-carbon martensite and retained austenite in M/RA islands could be differentiated only after resorting to a triple-step etching technique comprising etching in succession with 2% nital, 10% ammonium persulfate solution and then warm Marble’s reagent at 30 °C. This revealed orange-colored martensite in contrast to cream-colored retained austenite in M/RA constituents, besides the presence of brown-colored martensite laths in the dark gray-colored bainitic matrix. A quadruple-step technique involving successive etching with 2% nital, 10% ammonium persulfate solution, Marble’s reagent and finally Klemm’s Ι reagent at 40 °C revealed even better contrast in comparison to the triple-step etching technique, particularly in distinguishing the RA from martensite. Observations using advanced techniques like field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) failed to differentiate untempered, high-carbon martensite from retained austenite in the M/RA islands and martensite laths from bainitic matrix, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies successfully distinguished the RA from high-carbon martensite, as noticed in M/RA islands. The volume fraction of retained austenite estimated by EBSD, XRD and a point counting method on color micrographs of quadruple-step etched samples showed good agreement.

show abstract

The Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Tungsten and Boron Alloyed Ni-Hard 4 White Cast Irons

Barutçuoğlu,

Koç,

Erişir

et al. 2024

Inter Metalcast

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates the effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure and wear resistance of high-alloy white cast iron (Ni-Hard 4) with 1.15% W and 0.5% B additions. Specimens were austenitized at 850 °C for 5 h, quenched in air, and tempered at temperatures between 250 and 650 °C for 4 h. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamic calculations were performed using Thermo-Calc software. After the microstructural investigations, hardness testing was carried out. A pin-on-disk tribometer was used to conduct wear tests under dry sliding conditions. Microstructure and worn surfaces were examined using light and scanning electron microscopes. The results showed that increasing tempering temperature resulted in a higher volume fraction of carbides. It was found that tempering at 550 °C for four hours increases resistance to wear giving the lowest measured values of weight loss and wear rate. Accordingly, tempering allows the precipitation of fine carbides in the martensitic matrix which may increase wear resistance.

show abstract

Effect of Cu addition on hardness and microstructural features of low alloy white cast iron

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Modifying Effect of a New Boron-Barium Ferroalloy on the Wear Resistance of Low-Chromium Cast Iron

Modifying Effect of a New Boron-Barium Ferroalloy on the Wear Resistance of Low-Chromium Cast Iron

Color Light Metallography Versus Electron Microscopy for Detecting and Estimating Various Phases in a High-Strength Multiphase Steel

The Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Tungsten and Boron Alloyed Ni-Hard 4 White Cast Irons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About