Effect of cultivar, flesh colour, location and year of cultivation on the glycoalkaloid content in potato tubers

Abstract

In the three-year field trials (2009)(2010)(2011) at two locations with different altitudes a total of 14 potato cultivars with different colour of flesh (yellow, white, red and purple) were grown. The content of total glycoalkaloids (TGA) was determined by HPLC. TGA content ranged from 18.8 to 102.4 mg/kg fresh matter and none of the cultivars reached the value of risk to human health. Conclusive and decisive influence on the content of the TGA was recorded in genotype. Individual cultivars reached 0.47 to 1.45 of the TGA content in the control cv. Agria. In terms of the colour of the flesh the highest TGA content was found in group of red-fleshed cultivars (1.53 × higher than the average of cultivars with yellow or white flesh); while red-fleshed cv. Rote Emma reached the absolutely lowest TGA content of 14 cultivars, which confirms the decisive role of genotype. On warm, dry habitats in the lowlands a higher TGA content was observed when compared with the amount raised in a typical potato field.

The effect of biostimulants and herbicides on glycoalkaloid accumulation in potato

“…Honorata, on average 91.14 mg/kg fresh matter. The results of this study are similar to findings reported by Eltayeb et al (2003), Hamouz et al (2014) as well as Valcarcel et al (2014) who stated that the genotype had a predominant effect on the glycoalkaloid content of potato tubers. Herbicides and biostimulants applied in the experiment contributed to a significant increase in the glycoalkaloid content of potato tubers compared with the control.…”

“…However, when total glycoalkaloid (TGA) concentration exceeds 100 mg/kg fresh matter, it contributes to a decline in flavour, and when the accumulation exceeds 200 mg/kg fresh matter, TGA are toxic to humans (Valkonen et al 1996, Bejarano et al 2000. According to many authors (Percival and Dixon 1996, Wierzbicka 2011, Hamouz et al 2014, Zarzecka et al 2015, glycoalkaloid content is cultivar-specific but can also be affected by weather conditions during the growing season as well as cultivation methods applied. Modern agriculture, in addition to pesticides, also makes use of a number of substances called biostimulants which stimulate life processes and enhance plant resistance to stress conditions (Maciejewski et al 2007).…”

The effect of herbicides on the content of glycoalkaloids in the leaves and tubers of potato

“…Satina -on average 33.60 mg/kg of FW. The obtained results are fully supported by studies by Zgórska et al (2006), Skrabule et al (2010), Wierzbicka (2011), Hamouz et al (2014, who confirmed the pivotal role of the genotype in the content of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers, moreover, these authors stated that none of the studied cultivars exceeded the value of 200 mg/kg of FW and reached the risk value for the human health. Herbicides used in the experiment caused the increase of the content of glycoalkaloids compared to the tubers of the control object, which was not chemically protected.…”

“…However, a significantly higher TGA concentration was stated after the application of a mixture of herbicides Command Zarzecka and Gugała (2007) stated the increase of the concentration of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers under the influence of herbicides, while; Hamouz et al (2004Hamouz et al ( , 2005 observed the tendency to accumulate a greater amount of this component in potatoes cultivated with the ecological method in comparison to the conventional one, while Wierzbicka (2011) and Zarzyńska (2013) did not state the significant impact on the applied cultivation technology on the content of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers. Also the climatic conditions prevailing in particular growing seasons had a significant impact on the content of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers, which was proved in the studies of Skrabul et al (2010), Trawczyński and Wierzbicka (2011), Wierzbicka (2011), Zarzyńska (2013 and Hamouz et al (2014).…”

Investigation of antinutritive components in Hungarian potato cultivars depending on production technology

“…Nitrogen fertilisation can cause signifi cant increase in nitrate and nitrite content of tubers, but the genotype and production technology may have an effect on the concentration of these compounds (AUGUSTIN et al, 1977;HAMOUZ et al, 1999). Nitrogen is absorbed by plants in the form of either ammonium (NH 4 + ) or nitrate (NO 3 − ), depending on the species, cultivar, age, and soil conditions (GREENWOOD & HUNT, 1986;RAO & PUTTANNA, 2000).…”