Effect of cultural conditions on the concentrations of metabolic intermediates during growth and sporulation of Bacillus licheniformis

Donohue, Timothy J.; Bernlohr, Robert W.

doi:10.1128/jb.135.2.363-372.1978

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The batch experiment provides reasonable sensitivity to the maximum rate of vegetative growth, a", yielding an estimate with confidence intervals of less than 10% of the parameter magnitude. The estimated maximum growth rate of 0.717 (l/h) corresponds to a doubling time of 58 min, which matches well with previously reported doubling times ranging from 50 to 90 min for B. lichenifomis grown aerobically in glucose medium (Donohue and Bernlohr, 1978;Kramer, 1990).…”

Section: Batch Growth Experimentssupporting

confidence: 90%

Segregated fermentation model for growth and differentiation of Bacillus licheniformis

Fordyce

Rawlings

1996

AIChE Journal

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This article evaluates the effectiveness of a segregated model for prediction of growth and differentiation of Bacillus lichenifomis in a submerged-culture fermentation system. The segregated model accounts for each of the three morphological forms of the Bacillus life cycle. The sporangium biomass was characterized using an age-population model to reflect the age-dependent progress toward spore formation. Constitutive relationships governing the rates of vegetative cell reproduction, spore germination, commitment to sporulation, and substrate consumption are proposed. Based on this model framework, the dynamic cell growth and differentiation equations were developed.Batch, steady-state and step-test fermentation data from a laboratoiy-scale fermentor were incorporated into a maximum likelihood parameter estimation scheme for model identijication. Confident estimates of growth and differentiation parameters were obtained for the segregated model using biomass measurements. In addition, the model describes successfully growth and differentiation in batch and steady-state operating modes. AIChE JournalThe nominal spore, nonspore, and substrate profiles are given by the solid, dashed, and dotted lines, respectively. The symbol 0 represents the model solution with 10% increase in a,, and 0 is the model solution with a 10% decrease in a".

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Section: Batch Growth Experimentssupporting

confidence: 90%

Segregated fermentation model for growth and differentiation of Bacillus licheniformis

Fordyce

Rawlings

1996

AIChE Journal

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“…Thus, for all ofthe inhibitors tested (except glutamine), the inau/IO.5 ratio is simply a measure of the relative apparent Io.5 value of each inhibitor for GS. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] (2)b 2.4 1.0 0.42 a Abbreviations are as defined in the text. Apparent Io s and ia.. values were obtained by linear regression analysis of the response of enzyme activity to at least seven concentrations of each inhibitor tested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compounds such as ADP and glycine can be eliminated as major physiological regulators of enzyme activity because the apparent I0.5 values determined for these compounds are significantly higher than their intracellular pools in B. licheniformis A5 (2,7,8) (Table 3). Although there are no available data on intracellular pools of carbamyl phosphate, most carbamyl phosphate-requiring enzymes have Km values for carbamyl phosphate in the micromolar range (17).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we would expect that the intracellular level of this metabolite is much lower than the apparent Io.5 value determined for carbamyl phosphate. ai-Ketoglutarate pools are relatively low during growth and sporulation (7,8,26), so it is doubtful that this metabolite plays a major role in the regulation of the GS activity in vivo. Finally, aspartate and serine are two amino acids which have relatively invariant concentrations during growth and sporulation of B. licheniformis A5 in minimal medium supplemented with glucose and ammonia (2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper further investigates the response of the purified B. licheniformis A5 GS to compounds previously shown to be regulators of enzyme activity (9). The intracellular concentrations ofmany metabolites linked with GS as either substrates, products, or regulators of enzyme activity have been measured during growth and sporulation of B. Iicheniformis A5 under a variety of cultural conditions (2,7,8,26). The intracellular pools of some of these compounds change drastically during the transition between growth and sporulation in this bacterium.…”

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Regulation of the activity of the Bacillus licheniformis A5 glutamine synthetase

Donohue¹,

Bernlohr²

1981

J Bacteriol

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The regulation of glutamine synthetase activity by positive and negative effectors of enzyme activity singularly and in combinations was studied by using a homogeneous enzyme preparation from Bacillus licheniformnis A5. Phosphorylribosyl pyrophosphate at concentrations greater than 2 mM stimulated glutamine synthetase activity by approximately 70%. The concentration of phosphorylribosyl pyrophosphate required for half-maximal stimulation of enzyme activity was 0.4 mM. Results obtained from studies of fractional inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity were consistent with the presence of one allosteric site for glutamine binding (apparent Io.5, 2.2 mM) per active enzyme unit at a glutamate concentration of 50 mM. At a glutamate concentration of 30 mM or less, the data were consistent with the enzyme containing two binding sites for glutamine (one of which was an allosteric site with an apparent Io.5 of 0.4 mM). Based on an analysis of the response of glutamine synthetase activity to positive and negative effectors in vitro and to the intracellular concentration of these effectors in vivo, the primary modulators of glutamine synthetase activity in B. lichenifornis AS appear to be glutamine and alanine (apparent 10.5, 5.1 mM). The central position and the importance of the amino acid glutamine in cellular nitrogen metabolism are well documented (20, 29, 30). Since glutamine is used for such a variety of metabolic functions, it might be expected that the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) would be regulated by mechanisms which respond specifically to cellular need for glutamine. The relative levels of enzymes such as GS, glutamate synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutaminase appear to be controlled differently (20, 29, 30), even within Bacillus spp. (5, 18, 19, 21, 22, 26). Thus, the nature of the regulatory mechanisms exerting their influence on GS might be expected to be different in some cells. Studies by Hubbard and Stadtman (14) first suggested that differences may occur in the regulation of GS in various microorganisms. In particular, results obtained with a partially purified GS preparation from B. licheniformis ATCC 9945a (15, 16) indicated that the GS of Bacillus spp. was regulated differently from the Escherichia coli enzyme. Experiments with homogeneous preparations of GS from B. licheniformis A5 (9), B. subtilis (6), and B. stearothermophilus (33) and the two forms of GS isolated from B. caldolyticus (34) have failed to provide any

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On characterization of the growth of Escherichia coli in batch culture

Kahru¹,

Vilu²

1983

Arch. Microbiol.

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Several growth monitoring parameters, including adenine nucleotide contents, were measured during Escherichia coli K12 batch cultivation in mineral medium with glucose. The adenylate energy charge with its mean value of 0.83 remained roughly stable during growth. The total adenylate and ATP pools (nmol/mg dry weight), and also the individual cell volume changed with a pattern of two maxima at approximately 4 and 10 h of cultivation. After the exhaustion of the glucose from the growth medium the adenylate energy charge, the pools of ATP and total adenylate started to decrease marking the onset of the stationary growth phase. Our data indicate that actually there was only a limited period within the logarithmic growth phase during which the growth might have been balanced: during this period of 1.5 h different growth monitoring parameters (optical absorbance, cell number, total cell volume, and ATP content per ml) increased with almost equal rates. Moreover, as ATP pool and median cell volume during this short period were approximately constant, the culture might have been even in the steady state.

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Effect of cultural conditions on the concentrations of metabolic intermediates during growth and sporulation of Bacillus licheniformis

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Segregated fermentation model for growth and differentiation of Bacillus licheniformis

Segregated fermentation model for growth and differentiation of Bacillus licheniformis

Regulation of the activity of the Bacillus licheniformis A5 glutamine synthetase

On characterization of the growth of Escherichia coli in batch culture

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