Effect of cure cycle on curing process and hardness for epoxy resin

Zhang, J.; Yi, Xu; Huang, Pinbo

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2009.67

Cited by 96 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The resulting heat transfer conduction equation is shown in (9), with the thermal inertia matrix expression provided in (10), the thermal stiffness matrix in (11), and the nodal flow vector in (12).…”

Section: Numerical Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Direct Resistive Heating Simulation Tool for the Repair of Aerospace Structures through Composite Patches

Garmendia

Vallejo

Iriarte

et al. 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Bonded composite patches are very appropriate for aircraft structural repair, showing very good properties when compared with traditional mechanical fastening of metal sheets. The curing process of the composite patch must be done "onsite" and a direct resistive heating method has been proposed. The heat produced by the electric current through the Joule effect when crossing the patch carbon fibre bundles has been modelled with a Finite Element Program code, developed for the electric current equation. The heat conduction equation has also been modelled in the program, as well as the kinetics of the curing reaction of the composite resin. The electric resistivity of the materials is function of the temperature, so a nonlinear coupled system has been developed. Therefore, a complete simulation tool able to study different configurations, current intensities, materials, etc. for the composite patches is presented. A study case has been run with the developed code and results have been compared with experimental values. Good agreement is found.

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Section: Numerical Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They provide, through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experimental work, values for the cure kinetics equations. Finally, the study of the cure cycle influence on the mechanical properties and curing kinetics through a commercial FEM code and users subroutines is presented by Zhang, Xu, and Huang [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Resistive Heating Simulation Tool for the Repair of Aerospace Structures through Composite Patches

Garmendia

Vallejo

Iriarte

et al. 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The work showed that the different hardnesses of RTV silicone rubbers can be monitored by durometer shore hardness and the Young's modulus can be estimated from the shore hardness values, which is validated by standard compression test. This suggest that shore hardness could be routinely used to assess the properties in rubber manufacturing process to assess the property changes with varied compositions, different curing cycles and temperatures, different curing agent or particle reinforced used for enhancing mechanical properties of compositions [13] [14]. The prediction of E values from the shore hardness tests would further enhance the use of indentation method in quality control during rubber processing.…”

Section: Standard Tests and Fe Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Shore Hardness Tests for In-Process Properties Estimation/Monitoring of Silicone Rubbers

Zhao¹,

Allanson²,

Ren³

2015

MSCE

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Casting is an important rubber manufacturing process for both production and material developments. A quick and flexible way of testing the constitutive materials properties of rubber products is very important for optimising the processing parameters and quality control. In many cases, standard tests such as tensile or compression tests are time consuming and require a large volume of materials. This work reports some recent work in using a combined numerical and experimental approach to characterise the properties of rubber materials during a casting process. Durometer shore hardness is used to test silicone rubbers (as a model material) with different compositions on different moulding planes and the linear elastic property is estimated from the hardnesses. The predicted properties are systematically compared with the experimental tests on hard and soft silicone rubber samples with different compositions. The work shows that shore hardness can be used as an effective way to monitor the materials properties during amoulding process for process optimisation and quality control.

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“…This exothermic heat also has a significant impact on the manufacturing and properties of epoxy polymer or composite parts [8,9]. The poor thermal conductivity of the epoxy results in a large temperature increase in the centre of the part (especially when thick), which gives a higher degree of cure in the centre than at the edges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-curing epoxy polymers with silica nanoparticles: properties and rheo-kinetic modelling

et al. 2015

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Fast-curing epoxy polymers allow thermoset parts to be manufactured in minutes, but the curing reaction is highly exothermic with heat flows up to 20 times higher than conventional epoxies. The low thermal conductivity of the polymer causes the mechanical and kinetic properties of parts to vary through their thickness. In the present work, silica nanoparticles were used to reduce the exotherm, and hence improve the consistency of the parts. The mechanical and kinetic properties were measured as a function of part thickness. The exothermic heat of reaction was significantly reduced with the addition of silica nanoparticles, which were well dispersed in the epoxy. The silica nanoparticles increased the Young's modulus linearly from 3.6 to 4.6 GPa with 20 wt% of silica, but the fracture energy was found to increase less than for many slow-curing epoxy resins, with values of 176-211 J m -2 being measured. Although there was no additional toughening, shear band yielding was observed. Further, the addition of silica nanoparticles increased the molecular weight between crosslinks, indicating the relevance of detailed cure kinetics when studying fast-curing epoxy resins. A model was developed to describe the increase in viscosity and degree of cure of the unmodified and the silica-modified epoxies. A heat transfer equation was used to predict the temperature and resulting properties through the thickness of a plate, as well as the effect of the addition of silica nanoparticles. The predictions were compared to the experimental data, and the agreement was found to be very good.

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Effect of cure cycle on curing process and hardness for epoxy resin

Cited by 96 publications

References 25 publications

Direct Resistive Heating Simulation Tool for the Repair of Aerospace Structures through Composite Patches

Direct Resistive Heating Simulation Tool for the Repair of Aerospace Structures through Composite Patches

Use of Shore Hardness Tests for In-Process Properties Estimation/Monitoring of Silicone Rubbers

Fast-curing epoxy polymers with silica nanoparticles: properties and rheo-kinetic modelling

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