Effect of cyanide by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) application on germination, antioxidative system and lipid peroxidation of Senna macranthera seeds under saline stress

Abstract

The effects of NO donors on germination under saline stress have been much investigated for many species, however, there are reports that the effect caused by donors are effects of cyanide present. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on germination, antioxidative system and lipid peroxidation of Senna macranthera seeds under saline stress. The osmotic potentials of -0.4 and -0.5 MPa of NaCl were used, as well as the concentration of 100 μM of sodium nitroprusside, inactive sodium nitroprusside. Germination rate, imbibition curves, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and protein content were evaluated. Similar effects were observed for sodium nitroprusside and inactive sodium nitroprusside, indicating that these effects were related to the release of the cyanide present in sodium nitroprusside. The sodium nitroprusside (SNP) improves the germination of Senna macranthera seeds under salt stress conditions, through release of cyanide. The cyanide favored germination, reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes.

Exogenous Zinc Forms Counteract NaCl-Induced Damage by Regulating the Antioxidant System, Osmotic Adjustment Substances, and Ions in Canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Pactol) Plants

“…3, 4); these factors collectively resulted in declining oxidative injury by scavenging ROS. Previous investigations identified that under environmental stresses, crops competently mitigate oxidative stress and sustain redox homeostasis by a series of ROS-scavenging systems including non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms (Farouk and Arafa Sally 2018;Gao et al 2019;Kataria et al 2019;Siddiqui et al 2019;Silva et al 2019). In addition, the current investigation proves that the application of zinc, especially ZNP, caused a rapid ROS elimination by inducing SOD; CAT and POD activities demonstrated that there was a well-organized ROS-scavenging activity in the system.…”

“…The overall reduction in canola growth, cultivated under salinity stress, could be attributed to the injury impact of salinity on many physio-biochemical processes. These processes include photosynthesis, nutrient homeostasis, ROS accumulation, and hormonal imbalance as it was indicated on some previous studies on other crops (Farouk and Arafa Sally 2018;Carillo et al 2019;Gao et al 2019;Kataria et al 2019;Siddiqui et al 2019;Silva et al 2019). It has been reported that Zn or ZNP promote the growth of several plants under either salinized or non-salinized condition (Haripriya et al 2018;Mehrabani et al 2018;Bala et al 2019;Singh et al 2019); this could be linked to the well-known functions of zinc in CO 2 assimilation.…”

“…Consistent with FAO statistical data, salinity adversely impacts about 30% of the irrigated land and 6% (about 800 million hectares) of the overall surface area worldwide, resulting in an annual global financial loss of 27.5 billion USD (Cao et al 2018). Hyper-osmotic and ionic impacts as well as overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under high salinity resulted in the impaired growth and productivity of several plants worldwide which contributed to food insecurity (Farouk and Arafa Sally 2018;Carillo et al 2019;Kataria et al 2019;Siddiqui et al 2019;Silva et al 2019). ROS can act as signaling molecules, mediating several key physio-biochemical processes.…”

“…ROS can act as signaling molecules, mediating several key physio-biochemical processes. Excessive generation of ROS is a crucial indicator of salinityinduced oxidation, which causes broad metabolic disturbances, as well as the dysfunction biochemical and molecular mechanisms of plants, resulting in the oxidation of cellular membrane components, chlorophylls, and nucleic acids, resulting in disrupted cellular metabolic activity (Carillo et al 2019;Gao et al 2019;Kataria et al 2019;Siddiqui et al 2019;Silva et al 2019). To counteract the detrimental effects of salinity, plants possess several different efficient biochemical and molecular strategies, including osmotic adjustment and the build-up of an efficient antioxidant defense system (enzymatic and/or nonenzymatic antioxidants) that preserves plant development and maintains crop yield and productivity under stressful conditions (Farouk and Arafa Sally 2018;Kataria et al 2019;Siddiqui et al 2019).…”

Peer Review #1 of "Exogenous application of nitric oxide donors regulates short-term flooding stress in soybean (v0.1)"

“…Contrasting reports are published mentioning both pros and cons of SNP as NO donor. In a study using germination assays in response to SNP and cyanide da Silva et al (2019) reported that cyanide released from SNP can increase germination of Senna macranthera. On the other hand reports suggested that cyanide release from SNP can reduce the photochemical activity of photosystem II thereby affecting plant productivity (Wodala et al 2010).…”