Effect of Cyclocarya Paliurus on Hypoglycemic Effect in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to assess the hypoglycemic effect of Cyclocarya paliurus extract (CPE) on diabetes mellitus (DM) mice. Material/Methods A DM mouse model was established to test FBG, TC, and TG. The DM mice were divided into 3 groups: a DM group, a DM+CPE (0.5 g/Kg) group, and a DM+CPE (1.0 g/Kg) group. The FBG and body weight were measured. The glucose tolerance ability was determined by OGTT test. FINS was measured to calculate ISI and IRI. Serum MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px levels were detected. NIT-1 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups: a control group, a STZ group, a STZ+CPE (80 μg/mL) group, and a STZ+CPE (160 μg/mL) group. Cell apoptosis and ROS content were assessed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was detected by EdU staining. Results Compared with the control group, FBG, TC, and TG were significantly increased in the DM group. CPE gavage obviously reduced FBG level, increased body weight, enhanced glucose tolerance, elevated FINS level and ISI, and reduced IRI, all in a dose-dependent manner. CPE gavage reduced serum MDA content and increased SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities in DM mice. STZ markedly enhanced ROS production, induced apoptosis, and inhibited proliferation in NIT-1 cells. CPE treatment clearly reduced ROS production and apoptosis, enhanced cell proliferation, and alleviated STZ damage to NIT-1 cells. Conclusions CPE has the effects of decreasing blood glucose and insulin resistance, and enhancing glucose tolerance in DM mice, which may be related to its effects of reducing oxidation and reduced apoptosis, and relieving STZ in pancreatic beta cell injury.

Effects of Cyclocarya paliurus Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts on Glucolipid Metabolism and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

“…In animal studies, CP was shown to decrease pancreatic β cell apoptosis, possibly due to the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and Akt pathways (9). Furthermore, restoration of β cell mass and function were found in histological observations, moreover, this β-cell-protecting effect was also confirmed by in vitro studies in NIT-1 cells (8,9), which are a pancreatic β cell line established from mice (50).…”

“…Inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) down-regulate the activation of insulin receptors (54), and eventually lead to insulin resistance, causing hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL levels and high LDL levels (55). In many current animal studies, CP administration successfully decreases the expression of TNFα, interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, showing its capacity for controlling inflammation and oxidative stress (8,10,11,16).…”

“…Iljinsk (family Cyclocaryaceae) is an indigenous plant distributed throughout Southern China, the leaves of which have been used as an herbal tea to treat hyperglycemia and obesity in the local population (7). Recent scientific research shows that CP acts to reduce blood sugar levels and blood lipid levels, lowers body weight, and lowers blood pressure (8). Furthermore, a health tea made from CP leaves was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1999, and was the first Chinese herbal tea approved by the institution (9,10).…”

“…This controversy could be answered by a meta-analysis that would combine current evidence and reach a more robust conclusion. Moreover, previous studies have found that CP exerts a protective effect over pancreatic β cells (8), has an anti-inflammatory effect (7,18), and an anti-oxidant effect (16,19) in animal models; however, the detailed mechanisms of CP's therapeutic activities still need to be unveiled.…”

Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery

“…The inhibition of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity led to the decrease in IL-1β expression, and regulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, arginase 1 (Arg1), and IL-10. Zhao et al reported that after the administration of Cyclocarya paliurus extract for 4 weeks at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, FBG, fasting insulin level and insulin resistance index (IRI) were reduced and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was enhanced [ 90 ]. The downregulation of serum MDA content and the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px were also observed.…”