Effect of Cytokines on Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption during Mechanical Force Loading of the Periodontal Membrane

Abstract

Mechanical force loading exerts important effects on the skeleton by controlling bone mass and strength. Several in vivo experimental models evaluating the effects of mechanical loading on bone metabolism have been reported. Orthodontic tooth movement is a useful model for understanding the mechanism of bone remodeling induced by mechanical loading. In a mouse model of orthodontic tooth movement, TNF-α was expressed and osteoclasts appeared on the compressed side of the periodontal ligament. In TNF-receptor-deficient mice, there was less tooth movement and osteoclast numbers were lower than in wild-type mice. These results suggest that osteoclast formation and bone resorption caused by loading forces on the periodontal ligament depend on TNF-α. Several cytokines are expressed in the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement. Studies have found that inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN-γ strongly inhibit osteoclast formation and tooth movement. Blocking macrophage colony-stimulating factor by using anti-c-Fms antibody also inhibited osteoclast formation and tooth movement. In this review we describe and discuss the effect of cytokines in the periodontal ligament on osteoclast formation and bone resorption during mechanical force loading.

Silica-gelatin hybrid sol-gel coatings: A proteomic study with biocompatibility implications

“…A nonchronic immune response is not always undesirable as it favours the tissue growth and regeneration around the implant (Rutkowski et al, ). In fact, the role of cytokines is not uniquely limited to the inflammatory response, as they are described to play a role on osteoblastic activation and/or on osteoclast inhibition, thus enhancing bone formation processes (Kitaura, Kimura, Ishida, Sugisawa, & Kohara, ).…”

Osteoclastos: mucho más que células remodeladoras del hueso

“…There are other factors which inhibit the formation or activation of the OCs in addition to those already cited: cytokines such as TRAIL 57 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand), IL-12 and IL-18 58 , different intracellular signalling molecules such as SHIP1 59 (Src homology 2-containing inositol-5-phosphatase 1), NF-κB p100 60 and some components of the Notch pathway 61 , various transcriptional repressors such as MafB (v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family protein B) 62 , C/EBPβ (CCAATenhancer-binding protein β) 63 , IRF-8 (Interferon regulatory factor) 64 , and BcL6 (B cell lymphoma) 65 . All these molecules are potential targets of therapeutic interest, but their detailed analysis is beyond the scope of this review.…”

Bráquetes convencionais e autoligados: detecção de micro-organismos na saliva e in situ, avaliação de parâmetros periodontais e quantificação de citocinas no fluido crevicular

“…Durante a movimentação ortodôntica, altos níveis de IL-6, IL-1α e IL1-β são identificados no lado de compressão (Salla et al, 2012;Kitaura et al, 2014). No entanto, no presente trabalho o fluido crevicular foi coletado antes e 60 dias após a colagem e, durante todo o período experimental, o fio ortodôntico foi mantido de maneira passiva em todos os bráquetes (convencionais e autoligados), o que possivelmente explica a ausência de interferência nas concentrações de IL-6, IL-1α e IL1-β, nos períodos pré e pós colagem.…”

“…Inversamente, a IL-12 inibe a formação de osteoclastos, pois induz a diferenciação de células T-helper1, que por sua vez aumentam a secreção de INF-γ (Fox et al, 2000;Kitaura et al, 2014). Estudos apontam que a osteoclastogênese induzida pelo sistema RANK/RANKL/OPG diminui na presença de IL-12 (Nagata et al, 2003).…”

“…Estudos recentes apontam que as citocinas e as quimiocinas são a chave para a compreensão da reabsorção óssea, durante o movimento ortodôntico (Garlet et al, 2008;Andrade et al, 2009;García-López et al, 2013;Kitaura et al, 2014), e para o estudo de condições patológicas inflamatórias, como a gengivite e periodontite (Cochran, 2008;Ramseier et al, 2009). Estes mediadores podem levar à reabsorção óssea e/ou radicular (Consolaro e Consolaro, 2009;Viecilli et al, 2009;de Rossi et al, 2010;De Oliveira et al, 2014).…”