The most intractable feature of drug addiction is the high rate of relapse, even following extended periods of abstinence from drug-taking. Evidence suggests that allowing rats extended access to cocaine self-administration leads to behavioral characteristics in these animals that are consistent with the development of addiction in humans. In the current study, rats were allowed to selfadminister cocaine over a total of 22 daily sessions, the final 7 of which were long-access (LgA) sessions of 6 hours duration. Assessments of reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior were made following reintroduction to the drug-taking environment and noncontingent priming with either CS or cocaine in both extinguished and abstinent subject groups. Three separate groups of rats were treated with either saline or D-serine (100mg/kg i.p.) administered 2 hrs prior to, or immediately following, each extinction training session. Saline-treated LgA rats were resistant to the effects of extinction training to reduce noncontingent priming of reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior with either CS or cocaine. In contrast, treatment with D-serine either before or immediately following the sessions resulted in a significant enhancement in the ability of extinction training to reduce cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. These results suggest that D-serine can act to enhance the consolidation of extinction learning in LgA rats, and is therefore a promising adjunctive agent along with behavioral therapy for the treatment of cocaine addiction.The development of an effective treatment regimen for the state of addiction to psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines has proved to be problematic, and currently there is no FDA approved treatment for this condition. A prominent feature of addiction is the propensity for relapse, and craving is thought to be a contributing factor for this component of the disease (Jaffe et al., 1989;Ehrman et al., 1992). One therapeutic approach showing efficacy involves behavioral therapy, including the attempt to restructure past experiences and learn new behaviors that would decrease the frequency and/or severity of relapse in individuals attempting to remain abstinent (Dutra et al., 2008;Waldron and Turner, 2008). Enhancing the effectiveness of such psychosocial treatments through the use of adjunctive pharmacotherapy such as cognitive enhancement is therefore a reasonable