Effect of dark chocolate on flow-mediated dilatation: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose–response analysis of randomized controlled trials

Ebaditabar, Mojdeh; Djafarian, Kurosh; SaeidiFard, Nasim; Shab‐Bidar, Sakineh

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.10.017

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…For FMD, we found one study suggesting that single CF ingestion exerts greater acute (60-120 min) effects in older (>57.5 years) compared to younger adults (<57.5 years), whereas chronic (2-84 days) CF effects were not age-specific [20]. Our results showed no effect of age as a covariate.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…At this point, a practical guideline for dietary intake of cocoa cannot be formulated yet, although the European Food Safety Authority has published a Health Claim indicating daily doses of 200 mg CF. A non-linear dose-response relationship of cocoa on FMD has been established [20,74], but an ideal dose and the effectiveness in several patient populations remains a question. If vascular effects of CF are to be studied further, we believe that a correction is needed for all vasoactive components present in CF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, in vitro, animal, and human research has suggested CF-induced amelioration of endothelial function [20][21][22] and blood pressure (BP) [23,24]. In addition, epidemiological studies have linked lower BP levels and decreased cardiovascular as well as all-cause mortality to cocoa consumption [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, epidemiological studies have linked lower BP levels and decreased cardiovascular as well as all-cause mortality to cocoa consumption [25][26][27]. Moreover, several randomized control trials and meta-analyses implicated beneficial vascular properties of CF in different study populations [20,23,24,[28][29][30]. This prompted the European Food Safety Authority to publish a Health Claim in 2012, stating that daily intake of 200 mg CF, concomitant with a normal, balanced diet, helps to protect the compliance of blood vessels, preserving a normal blood flow in the general population [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Cocoa Flavanols on Blood Pressure and Peripheral Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Essential Hypertension

et al. 2022

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high risk of vascular complications. Interestingly, cocoa flavanols (CF) can exert beneficial vascular effects in non-diabetic subjects. However, these effects have only been scarcely studied in T2DM. Therefore, we performed a study to assess the effects on vascular reactivity of a single dose of CF (790 mg) in T2DM and whether certain antihypertensive drugs may modulate these effects. Methods: 24 non-diabetic and 11 T2DM subjects were studied in a cross-over design. Fasting blood samples, blood pressure (BP), and arterial vasoreactivity (flow-mediated dilation) were assessed before and 70 min after capsule ingestion. Muscle microvascular reactivity was only assessed after capsule ingestion. Age, waist-to-hip ratio, BP at baseline, and the use of antihypertensive drugs were regarded as covariates in a mixed models analysis. Results: CF ingestion did not affect any parameter. However, independent of the type of capsules ingested, a decrease in diastolic BP by 3 mmHg (95% CI: −4.0; −2.0) and an increase in the change in brachial artery diameter (pre vs. post occlusion) by 0.06 mm (95% CI: 0.01; 0.12) were detected in the non-diabetic group, while they remained unchanged in the T2DM group. Conclusion: No beneficial effects of CF were detected on vascular reactivity parameters in T2DM and non-diabetic participants.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Cocoa Flavanols on Blood Pressure and Peripheral Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Essential Hypertension

et al. 2022

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“…Some alternatives to counteract these effects are medicinal plants, such as D. tortuosum, which has antioxidant activity due to its high concentration in polyphenols, polyterpenes and flavonoids and their metabolites. In addition, continuing with the vascular endothelium, cocoa catechins are known to have a positive effect on healthy vascular function [ 10 , 12 ] which has been proclaimed since the pioneer studies from two decades ago [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], up to recent reviews [ 12 , 16 , 17 ]. However, the beneficial effect on cardiovascular function is not privative of flavanols or flavonoids in general [ 16 ] as we have already described before, also many other phenolic compounds or plant extracts have shown this potential [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant Capacity and Anti-Oxidative Stress Potential of South American Fabaceae Desmodium tortuosum

et al. 2023

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It has been proposed that oxidative stress is a pathogenic mechanism to induce cytotoxicity and to cause cardiovascular and neuronal diseases. At present, natural compounds such as plant extracts have been used to reduce the cytotoxic effects produced by agents that induce oxidative stress. Our study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and cytoprotective capacity of Desmodium tortuosum (D. tortuosum) extract in the co- and pre-treatment in EA.hy926 and SH-SY5Y cell lines subjected to oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), caspase 3/7 activity, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and molecular expression of oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD2, NRF2 and NFκB1) and cell death (APAF1, BAX, Caspase3) were all evaluated. It was observed that the D. tortuosum extract, in a dose-dependent manner, was able to reduce the oxidative and cytotoxicity effects induced by t-BOOH, even normalized to a dose of 200 µg/mL, which would be due to the high content of phenolic compounds mainly phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids and other antioxidant compounds. Finally, these results are indicators that the extract of D. tortuosum could be a natural alternative against the cytotoxic exposure to stressful and cytotoxic chemical agents.

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Endothelial dysfunction as a factor leading to arterial hypertension

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Wójcik

2022

Pediatr Nephrol

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Hypertension remains the main cause of cardiovascular complications leading to increased mortality. The discoveries of recent years underline the important role of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in initiating the development of arterial hypertension. The endothelium lines the interior of the entire vascular system in the body and acts as a physical barrier between blood and tissues. Substances and mediators produced by the endothelium exhibit antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Oxidative stress and inflammation are conditions that damage the endothelium and shift endothelial function from vasoprotective to vasoconstrictive, prothrombotic, and pro-apoptotic functions. A dysfunctional endothelium contributes to the development of hypertension and further cardiovascular complications. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of ED-associated hypertension. New technologies provide tools to identify pathological changes in the structure and function of the endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to the development of arterial hypertension and should be considered in therapeutic strategies for children with hypertension.

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Effect of dark chocolate on flow-mediated dilatation: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose–response analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 12 publications

References 62 publications

Acute Effects of Cocoa Flavanols on Blood Pressure and Peripheral Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Essential Hypertension

Acute Effects of Cocoa Flavanols on Blood Pressure and Peripheral Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Essential Hypertension

Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant Capacity and Anti-Oxidative Stress Potential of South American Fabaceae Desmodium tortuosum

Endothelial dysfunction as a factor leading to arterial hypertension

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