Effect of decreased milking frequency of cows in late lactation on
 
milk somatic cell count, polymorphonuclear leucocyte numbers, 
composition and proteolytic activity

Kelly, Alan L.; Reid, S.; Joyce, Patrick; Meaney, W. J.; Foley, James W.

doi:10.1017/s0022029998002921

Cited by 47 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…This was consistent with the findings of Salama et al (2003) in goats, Castillo et al (2008) in ewes and Lacy-Hulbert et al (1999) and Stelwagen et al (1994) in cows. Other studies have reported an increase in the SCC in cows subjected to ODM (Stelwagen and Lacy-Hulbert, 1996;Kelly et al, 1998). Although the SCC is not a precise indicator of inflammation, our data suggest that ODM does not induce a severe inflammatory reaction in the goat mammary gland, and this is also consistent with the limited permeability of secretory epithelium and limited tight junction disruption that had been observed with 36-h milking intervals .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Use of milk epithelial cells to study regulation of cell activity and apoptosis during once-daily milking in goats

Chedly

Lacasse

Marnet

et al. 2011

Animal

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Generally, once-daily milking (ODM) decreases milk yield. This effect may be the consequence of a decrease in mammary epithelial cell (MEC) activity or a reduction in their number. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ODM on the synthetic activity and rate of apoptosis of MEC using a non-invasive method. Eight Alpine goats were subjected to ODM or twice-daily milking for two 5-week periods. MECs were purified by centrifugation and immunocytochemical binding in milk after 1 and 5 weeks of each period. mRNA levels of some proteins involved in lactose and milk protein synthesis and in apoptosis were evaluated using real-time PCR. Isolation of MEC from milk was a useful method to investigate transcriptional regulation in a timeline study. ODM induced greater decreases in milk, lactose and protein yields after 1 week than after 5 weeks. This suggests an adaptation of the mammary gland to ODM, which reduces the inhibitory effect of this practice. Reductions in milk component yields were associated with lower a-lactalbumin transcripts, suggesting a transcriptional decrease of lactose synthesis during ODM. Glucose transporter GLUT1 transcripts were downregulated under ODM, suggesting that lactose precursor uptake by MEC might be involved in the regulation of lactose synthesis. k-Casein mRNA levels tended to be lower during ODM. ODM increased levels of the pro-apoptotic transcript Bax after both 1 and 5 weeks, but no variation was observed in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. ODM affected cell synthetic activity through transcriptional regulation and may have induced apoptosis. The reduction of the negative effect of ODM on milk yield suggests that Alpine goats are able to adapt to ODM. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of ODM on MEC turnover.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Use of milk epithelial cells to study regulation of cell activity and apoptosis during once-daily milking in goats

Chedly

Lacasse

Marnet

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…Based on the evidence described above, this system may explain also the effects of frequency and efficiency of udder emptying and the response in levels of milk secretion to the presence of bacterial infection of the udder. A direct association between decreased milking frequency and an increase in the activity of the PA-plasminogen-plasmin system has been found (Stelwagen et al, 1994;Kelly et al, 1998).…”

Section: Pa-pg-pl System and Hormonal Interrelationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

PA-PG-PL System in Dairy Animals and its Significance: A Review

Haque¹,

Singh²,

Hossain³

2015

International J. of Dairy Science

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Animal husbandry plays an important role in strengthening the rural economy. Heat is a major constraint on animal productivity in the tropical belt and arid areas. Heat stress in dairy cows as all temperature-related forces encourage changes or adjustments which may occur from the cellular to the total animal level to help the cows stay away from physiological disorders and then to better adapt to an adverse thermal environment. Milk production is impaired as a result of the drastic changes in biological functions under heat stress. Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis by external stress liberates cortisol into blood plasma, which in turn induces the liberation of Plasminogen Activator (PA) from the mammary epithelial cells, where it activates the Plasminogen-Plasmin (PG-PL) system. Thus, this PA-PG-PL system is a milk-borne factor which down regulates the milk secretion during the summer stress. This negative feedback system specifically forms β-casein (CN) fragment (f) (1-28) from β-CN, which acts as the negative control signal of mammary gland. Based on these findings, casein hydrolyzate preparation is developed to reduce suffering from mammary gland engorgement associated with abrupt cessation of milking and to treat common clinical and subclinical infections of udder in dairy cows.

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“…Studies showed that improper feed management causes cows to compensate for the higher milk production and can result in lower recovery of body condition throughout lactation (Kelly et al, 1998;Smith et al, 2002). A well-balanced diet is essential to meet cow requirements and allow them the necessary intake for the recovery of body reserves throughout lactation.…”

Section: Itemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Implementing the third milking results in an increase in milk production, hence the cow requirements for feed supplements also increases. If supplementation is not done correctly, cows will have to supply nutrients from their body reserves to support the increased production, leading to weight loss and body condition score loss, which harm the whole metabolism (Kelly et al 1998;Smith et al, 2002).…”

Section: Itemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of this practice, including increase in milk production (Amos et al, 1985;DePeters et al, 1985;Bar-Peled et al, 1995;Alves, 2004;Negrão, 2004;Dahl, 2005;Gama & Lopes, 2008;Bernier-Dodier et al, 2010), changes in milk composition (Waterman et al, 1983;Amos et al, 1985;DePeters et al, 1985;Allen et al, 1986;Klei et al, 1997), effect on cow health and reproduction (Jarrett, 1977;Logan et al, 1978;Poole, 1982;DePeters et al, 1985;Allen et al, 1986;Moya et al, 2008) and feed intake and metabolism (Kelly et al, 1998;Smith et al, 2002). However, none addressed the issue of economic viability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic viability of the third milking in systems of production using closed-circuit mechanical milking

2014

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RESUMOViabilidade econômica da terceira ordenha em sistemas de produção de leite com ordenhadeira de circuito fechadoObjetivou-se, com este trabalho, analisar a viabilidade econômica da terceira ordenha, em sistemas de produção de leite com ordenhadeira mecânica, do tipo circuito fechado, visando a fornecer aos técnicos e pecuaristas informações que os auxiliem nas tomadas de decisões. Especificamente, pretendeu-se, ainda: a) estimar o custo de uma ordenha; b) estimar o custo da terceira ordenha; c) desenvolver uma equação matemática que permita estimar a quantidade mínima de leite produzida em duas ordenhas, a partir da qual será viável economicamente a realização da terceira ordenha. Os dados foram coletados em três propriedades leiteiras, de novembro de 2010 a março de 2011, em uma rotina de duas ordenhas diárias, sendo realizadas três coletas de dados em cada uma, perfazendo um total de nove. Considerando-se os dados médios, seria viável a realização da terceira ordenha se a produtividade média diária das vacas em lactação, em duas ordenhas, fosse igual ou superior a 24,43 kg de leite.Palavras-chave: bovinocultura leiteira, custo de produção, economia, frequência de ordenhas. This study aimed to analyze the economic viability of the third milking in production systems using mechanical milking in a closed circuit, aiming to provide technicians and farmers with information to assist them in decisionmaking. Specifically, it intended: (a) to estimate the cost of one milking; (b) to estimate the cost of the third milking; (c) to develop a mathematical equation to estimate the minimum amount of milk produced with two milkings, from which it would be economically feasible to do the third milking. Data were collected from three dairy farms, from November 2010 to March 2011, keeping a twice-a-day milking frequency, with three data collections in each farm, totalizing nine collections. Considering the average data, it would be feasible to do the third milking if the average milk yield per day of lactating cows in a twice-a-day milking frequency was greater than or equal to 24.43 kg of milk.

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Effect of decreased milking frequency of cows in late lactation on milk somatic cell count, polymorphonuclear leucocyte numbers, composition and proteolytic activity

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Use of milk epithelial cells to study regulation of cell activity and apoptosis during once-daily milking in goats

Use of milk epithelial cells to study regulation of cell activity and apoptosis during once-daily milking in goats

PA-PG-PL System in Dairy Animals and its Significance: A Review

Economic viability of the third milking in systems of production using closed-circuit mechanical milking

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