Effect of defoliation on grass growth. A quantitative review

Ferraro, Diego; Oesterheld, Martín

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980113.x

Cited by 265 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This was particularly so in the less fertile sandy soil, where plant growth was in any case much weaker, and the contribution of plant-derived C to total soil respiration became negligible. Diminished net C fixation and root growth with clipping are consistent with previous studies summarised by Ferraro and Oesterheld (2002). Diminished root exudation and plant-derived soil respiration with clipping are also consistent with previous work (Shahzad et al, 2012;Schmitt et al, 2013), including in Kikuyu grass (Roper et al, 2013).…”

Section: Actual Rhizodepositionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Effects of soil type and composition of rhizodeposits on rhizosphere priming phenomena

Lloyd

Ritz

Paterson

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Inputs of fresh plant-derived C may stimulate microbially-mediated turnover of soil organic matter (SOM) in the rhizosphere. But studies of such 'priming' effects in artificial systems often produce conflicting results, depending on such variables as rates of substrate addition, substrate composition, whether pure compounds or mixtures of substrates are used, and whether the addition is pulsed or continuous. Studies in planted systems are less common, but also produce apparently conflicting results, and the mechanisms of these effects are poorly understood.To add to the evidence on these matters, we grew a C4 grass for 61 d in two contrasting soilsan acid sandy soil and a more fertile clay-loam -which had previously only supported C3 vegetation. We measured total soil respiration and its C isotope composition, and used the latter to partition the respiration between plant-and soil-C sources. We found SOM turnover was enhanced (i.e. positive priming) by plant growth in both soils. In treatments in which the grass was clipped, net growth was greatly diminished, and priming effects were correspondingly weak. In treatments without clipping, net plant growth, total soil respiration and SOM-derived respiration were all much greater. Further, SOM-derived respiration increased over time in parallel with increases in plant growth, but the increase was delayed in the less fertile soil. We conclude the observed priming effects were driven by microbial demand for N, fuelled by deposition of C substrate from roots and competition with roots for N. The extent of priming depended on soil type and plant growing conditions.In a further experiment, we simulated rhizodeposition of soluble microbial substrates in the same two soils with near-continuous additions for 19 d of either C4-labelled sucrose (i.e. a simple single substrate) or a maize root extract (i.e. a relatively diverse substrate), and we measured soil respiration and its C isotope signature. In the more fertile soil, sucrose induced increasingly positive priming effects over time, whereas the maize root extract produced declining priming effects over time. We suggest this was because N and other nutrients were provided from the mineralization of this more diverse substrate. In the less-fertile soil, microbial N demand was probably never satisfied by the combined mineralization from added substrate and soil organic matter. Therefore priming

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Section: Actual Rhizodepositionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Effects of soil type and composition of rhizodeposits on rhizosphere priming phenomena

Lloyd

Ritz

Paterson

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…In fact, in all species, the 20-cm cutting-height produced >100% more forage DM than its 10-cm counterpart. The treatment differences in forage biomass were actually consistent with reported negative effects of severe defoliation on plant growth (Ferraro & Oesterheld, 2002 warm-season grasses by over 60% (Mullahey, 1990;Forwood & Magai, 1992). This is so because proportions of photosynthetic tissue retained on defoliated plants usually influence how quickly they repair their damaged tissues (Oesterheld & McNaughton, 1991;Lee et al, 2000;Ferraro & Oesterheld, 2002).…”

Section: Forage Biomasssupporting

confidence: 74%

Effects of Root-trimming and Cutting-heights on Growth Performance of Potted Native Warm-season Grasses

Temu

Johnson

Kering

2016

JPS

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Mechanized transplanting of native warm-season grass (NWSG) seedlings raised in biodegradable strip-cups may require trimming outgrown and entwined roots to facilitate individual placement and complete root covering. During establishment, mowing is often used to reduce weed competition and promote tillering. In two randomized complete block split-split-plot design experiments, effects of root-trimming and cutting-height on growth and biomass production of potted NWSGs [big bluestem (BB, Andropogon gerardii Vitman), eastern gamagrass (GG, Tripsacum dactyloides L.), indiangrass (IG, Sorghastrum nutans L.), and switchgrass (SG, Panicum virgatum L.)] were assessed. Six-week old seedlings were transplanted, with or without root-trimming, and four of each type and species, assigned to 10-, 15-, or 20-cm cutting-height. All plants were fertilized uniformly and watered sufficiently. After a 7-d adjustment period, plants were clipped to 10 cm which promoted tillering. A three-week regrowth was then allowed before the first of three forage harvests, at assigned cutting-heights. Plant heights were recorded every two weeks after transplanting and on each harvest date. Data were analyzed for effects of root-trimming, cutting-height, and species. Root-trimming had no effect on the parameters. Cutting-height had no effect on plant heights except for second GG and SG regrowths, and/or the third BB and SG. Cutting-height affected only SG forage biomass significantly (P < 0.05) during year1 and every species during year2 with 100%+ greater values at the 20-than the 10-cm. All 20-cm average growth rates and belowground biomass in year2 were greater (P < 0.001) than the 10-cm by > 100%, but with similar root:total biomass ratios. Overall, species yield increased in the order; IG

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“…The expression of these relationships results from an interaction with the level of resource availability (Ferraro and Oesterheld 2002;Wise and Abrahamson 2005). For example, high tissue turnover and resource acquisition rates are important strategies for plants with high growth rates (del-Val and Crawley 2005) and occurring at high resource availability (Grime et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Clonal and Bud Bank Traits Vary in Correspondence with Soil Properties and Resource Acquisition Strategies? Patterns in Alpine Communities in the Scandian Mountains

et al. 2010

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Plant traits associated with resource acquisition strategies (specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf size and plant height) change along gradients of soil properties, being the most conservative in a resource-poor environment and the most dynamic in a resource-rich environment. Clonal attributes also vary along soil and other environmental conditions. We hypothesized that in alpine communities in the Scandian Mts. (1) the average composition of traits in a plant assemblage in terms of i) the predominance of different clonal growth organ types, ii) the number of buds in the bud bank, iii) the distribution of the bud-bank (above-and below ground), iv) the distance of lateral spread and v) the longevity of plant -offspring connections would change along a gradient of soil properties and (2) that this variation would be in correspondence with that of traits associated with resource acquisition strategies (SLA, LDMC, leaf size and plant height). Analysis of clonal and bud bank traits for species of alpine communities supported our first hypothesis: with decreasing soil quality the most common clonal growth organs were rhizomes, and there was a predominance of perennial bud banks located at the soil surface or below-ground, low rates of lateral spread and long persistence of plant -offspring connections. Our second hypothesis was partly supported. As predicted, at the level of the plant assemblage, these clonal and bud bank traits were positively associated with LDMC, and negatively with leaf size and plant height. These observations reinforce the hypotheses about trade-offs between acquisition and retention strategies in plants. The only result that was in contradiction with our expectations was the lack of correspondence between clonal and bud bank traits and SLA that could be attributed to errors associated to Folia Geobot (2011) 46:237-254 DOI 10.1007

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Effect of defoliation on grass growth. A quantitative review

Cited by 265 publications

References 54 publications

Effects of soil type and composition of rhizodeposits on rhizosphere priming phenomena

Effects of soil type and composition of rhizodeposits on rhizosphere priming phenomena

Effects of Root-trimming and Cutting-heights on Growth Performance of Potted Native Warm-season Grasses

Do Clonal and Bud Bank Traits Vary in Correspondence with Soil Properties and Resource Acquisition Strategies? Patterns in Alpine Communities in the Scandian Mountains

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