Effect of Density and Processing Conditions on Oxide Transformations and Mechanical Properties in Cr–Mo-Alloyed PM steels

Sundaram, Maheswaran Vattur; Hryha, Eduard; Chasoglou, Dimitris; Rottstegge, Anna; Nyborg, Lars

doi:10.1007/s11661-021-06539-4

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The influences of green density and sintering temperature on the sinter density have been reported in the literature. 6,29 In this study, the sinter density increased with an increase in temperature from 1120 to 1250°C when sintering in 90N 2 /10H 2 and this was also achieved after increasing sintering temperature from 1250 to 1350°C in vacuum. Samples CIP-compacted at 600 MPa reached similar density values in the range of 7.33–7.36 g/cm 3 after sintering at 1250°C in 90N 2 /10H 2 and in vacuum, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…This could relate to environmental conditions in the HIP furnace, although the carbon values are slightly low for low-density samples sintered at 1250°C, remaining samples in Table 3 show nearly constant carbon content due to no further internal carbothermal reaction within the parts being capsule-free HIP-compacted, which has also been observed in previous studies. 29…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3(a) and (b), the effect of increasing sintering temperature (from 1120 to 1250°C for sintering in 90N 2 /10H 2 and from 1250 to 1350°C for sintering in vacuum at 10 −2 mbar) on overall reduction in porosity by increment of 0.5-1.5% is also clearly observed but has limited influence when compared to the effect of CIP pressure. Nevertheless, this reduction can be attributed to a significant impact on mass transport with increasing temperature 29 and thus evidences the good achievable sinterability. Under 90N 2 /10H 2 atmosphere (Figure 3 1350°C, whereas sample CIP-compacted in the same way exhibited open pore percentage of 7% after sintering at 1250°C.…”

Section: Sintering and Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consolidation of water-atomized chromium–nickel-alloyed powder metallurgy steel through novel processing routes

Nagaram,

Sundaram,

Gårdstam

et al. 2024

Powder Metallurgy

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When processing powder metallurgy (PM) steels, the conventional press and sinter route can reach a relative density up to 95%, which is insufficient for applications when dynamic mechanical performance is critical. In this study, a novel route is demonstrated consisting of cold isostatic pressing (CIP) followed by sintering and capsule-free hot isostatic pressing (HIP), allowing to achieve full density PM steels. Water-atomized steel powder admixed with 2 wt.% Ni was subjected to CIP and followed by sintering in 90N2/10H2 atmosphere at 1120 and 1250°C, and in vacuum (10−2 mbar) at 1250 and 1350°C, respectively. At the highest explored CIP pressure of 600 MPa, the three high-temperature sintering runs at 1250°C in 90N2/10H2 atmosphere and vacuum, and 1350°C in vacuum resulted in relative density of ∼94% and closed surface pores. This condition with necessary closed porosity then allowed subsequent capsule-free HIP after sintering, resulting in full densification of the components.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sintering and Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consolidation of water-atomized chromium–nickel-alloyed powder metallurgy steel through novel processing routes

Nagaram,

Sundaram,

Gårdstam

et al. 2024

Powder Metallurgy

Self Cite

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“…The organic foam impregnation method [ 7 – 9 ] is a widely used method for preparing porous lightweight ceramics in the industry. This method was first proposed by Zhang et al [ 10 ] in 1963.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Porous Ceramic Building Decoration Materials by Foaming Method and Research on Nanomechanical Properties

Zhang

2022

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Because of its excellent properties, mullite porous ceramics are widely used in thermal insulation materials, catalyst carriers, gas-liquid filtration, separation materials, etc. At the same time, zirconia not only has the advantages of high melting point, good chemical stability, and high strength but also can significantly improve the strength of ceramics through phase transformation and particle dispersion in the matrix and is widely used in the reinforcement of ceramics. In this paper, using mullite powder as the raw material, Al2O3 and SiO2/ZrSiO4 as the starting material for the mullite self-bonding phase, and AlF3·3H2O, ZrO2, and Y2O3 as additives, the zirconia-reinforced mullite was prepared by the foaming-injection method. The volume density, linear shrinkage rate, microstructure, room temperature, etc. of nanozirconia-reinforced mullite porous ceramics were studied by the amount of the foaming agent, the amount of mullite self-bonding phase powder, the type and amount of additives, etc. Effects of mechanical properties and thermal conductivity were also analyzed. The research results show that zirconia-reinforced mullite porous ceramics were prepared with mullite powder and 6 wt% AlF3·3H2O as raw materials, and ZrO2 and Y2O3 as additives. Adding an appropriate amount of ZrO2 and Y2O3 can significantly improve the mechanical properties of porous ceramics. When ZrO2 is 6 wt% and Y2O3 is 8 wt%, the porosity is 66.4% and the flexural strength and compressive strength of porous ceramics with a large pore size of 168 μm can reach 14.3 MPa and 36.3 MPa, respectively, which are obviously better than the strength of mullite porous ceramics without adding Y2O3 (flexural strength 11.3 MPa, nanocompressive strength 29.4 MPa).

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Fractographic investigation and microstructural characterization of a diffusion-bonded sinter-hardened steel: A case study

Vezzani,

Fortini,

Blum

et al. 2023

Engineering Failure Analysis

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Effect of Density and Processing Conditions on Oxide Transformations and Mechanical Properties in Cr–Mo-Alloyed PM steels

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Consolidation of water-atomized chromium–nickel-alloyed powder metallurgy steel through novel processing routes

Consolidation of water-atomized chromium–nickel-alloyed powder metallurgy steel through novel processing routes

Preparation of Porous Ceramic Building Decoration Materials by Foaming Method and Research on Nanomechanical Properties

Fractographic investigation and microstructural characterization of a diffusion-bonded sinter-hardened steel: A case study

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