Effect of density gradient and porosity on HMX/TNT pressure cast shaped charge performance

Gharia, J. S.; Kumar, Arvind; Raghavendra, L. N.; Vadali, S. R.

doi:10.1002/prep.19960210108

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This is because of difference in density of solid ingredients as compared to molten TNT. It is known that 2% porosity decreases the density of an explosive charge by about 0.04 g cm À3 , which in turn reduces the velocity of detonation (VOD) by about 150 m s À1 [3]. This corresponds to a reduction of about 5% of explosive energy [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) Formulations Based on RDX, Aluminum, and HTPB for Underwater Applications

Kumar

Rao

Sinha

et al. 2010

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Aluminized high explosives are known to give better underwater performance. All explosive formulations for underwater targets are filled into warheads and shells by casting method. TNT, a high explosive is used as casting medium due to its lower melting point. Plastic bonded explosives are fast replacing TNT-based high explosive formulations for the reasons that they are more insensitive and low vulnerable explosives with better shelf life. Few aluminized plastic bonded explosive formulations based on RDX, aluminum, and HTPB have been processed, varying the aluminum content from 0 to 35% and evaluated underwater. The present paper discusses the experimental methodology adopted to evaluate the above formulations for their ballistic parameters, viz., peak over pressure and impulse. Explosion bulge tests have been conducted with each explosive formulation and extent of bulge in test plates is presented and compared with a standard underwater explosive, viz., HBX-3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) Formulations Based on RDX, Aluminum, and HTPB for Underwater Applications

Kumar

Rao

Sinha

et al. 2010

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Thus, 0.05 g/cc increase in density by adopting controlled cooling will better the explosive energy by 10 %. Reduction of porosity from 2% to 0.5%, would result in an improvement of VOD, detonation pressure and Shaped charge jet velocity by 1.2%, 4.5%, and 1.7% respectively 18 . 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Cooling and Solidification of TNT based Cast High Explosive Charges

Kumar¹,

Rao²

2014

DSJ

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Cast trinitrotoluene (TNT) based high explosive charges suffer from different defects such as cracks, voids, etc. One of the quality control measures is to cool the castings gradually, so that the entire charge solidifies without a large temperature gradient from core to the periphery of the cast charge. The fact that the solidification of high explosive casting starts from the periphery (cooler side) and travels towards the center enables us to predict the solidification profile of TNT based explosive castings. Growth of solidification thickness and cooling temperature profiles of TNT based cast high explosive charges are predicted as functions of time and space using unsteady state heat transfer principles, associated with heat balance at solid to liquid interface as a moving boundary of solidification. This will enable adoption of proper quality control during solidification of the molten TNT to eliminate inherent drawbacks of cast high explosive charges. The solidification profiles of TNT based cast charges under controlled and natural conditions are predicted and the model is validated against 145 mm diameter TNT cast charge which is found to be in broad agreement with experiments.

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Shock-to-detonation transition behavior of functionally graded energetic materials

Olsen,

Zhou

2023

Journal of Applied Physics

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The behavior of energetic materials is significantly influenced by the spatial distributions of microstructure heterogeneities and voids. We pursue the concept of Functionally Graded Energetic Materials whose microstructure features (e.g., grain size, grain volume fraction, void size, and void volume fraction) change spatially such that they may allow the behavior of the materials to be tailored. We explore using gradients in the density of voids to alter the detonation behavior of a polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) echoing PBX9501 with HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) grains and Estane binder. Five cases, two graded void distributions from 1% to 10% and 10% to 1% by volume along the length of the sample, and three uniform distributions matching the lowest (1%), average (5.5%), and highest (10%) void densities are considered. An Arrhenius reaction burn model is used to account for the chemical kinetics of HMX. Different detonation behaviors are obtained from the same graded sample when impact loading is from 1% void end and from the 10% void end as well as from the uniform cases. The SDT (shock to detonation transition) behaviors are analyzed in terms of the run distance, the time duration and shock velocity changes over the SDT process. The computational results are presented in the context of available experimental data for PBX9501 with which agreement is obtained through a parametric study. Overall, it is shown that gradients in microstructures of PBX can lead to SDT behaviors different or not obtainable from microstructures without gradients, thereby offering a mechanism for designing and tailoring new materials.

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Effect of density gradient and porosity on HMX/TNT pressure cast shaped charge performance

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Evaluation of Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) Formulations Based on RDX, Aluminum, and HTPB for Underwater Applications

Evaluation of Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) Formulations Based on RDX, Aluminum, and HTPB for Underwater Applications

Modeling of Cooling and Solidification of TNT based Cast High Explosive Charges

Shock-to-detonation transition behavior of functionally graded energetic materials

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