Effect of Density on Flame Characteristics of Some Tropical Timbers

Okoye, N. H.; Eboatu, A. N.; Arinze, R. U.; Udeozo, Prisca I.; Umedum, Ngozi L.; Ogbonna, Obiageli A.

doi:10.9790/5736-0761104111

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Contrary to expectation however, there was no straight forward relationship between density (whether ODD or SDD) and ignition time. Some scholars [32,33] had reported that as timber density increases, the ignition time increases. Figure 3 shows that ignition time increases and decreases intermittently as timber density increases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Effects and Its Relationship With Major Flame Characteristics of Selected Fire Tolerant Trees in South-East Nigeria: a Look at Oven and Sun Dried Timbers

Okafor¹,

Okafor²,

Anyalebechi³

et al. 2020

JCSN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physical and flame characteristics of fifteen tree species in South-East Nigeria were investigated. The tree species Daniellia oliveri, Anacadium occidentale, Vitex doniana, Lonchocarpus griffonianus, Gmelina arborea, Nauclea latifolia, Tectona grandis, Mangifera indica, Delonix regia, Newbouldia laevis, Azadirachta indica, Dialium guineense, Terminalia superba, Manilkara obovata and Irvingia gabonensis were identified and named by taxonomists. The aim was to investigate the effects of oven and sun dried densities of timbers on major flame characteristics (ignition time, flame propagation rate, after glow time, flame duration and ash formation) and to establish timber density relationship with the flame properties. Physical properties (density and moisture content) and flame characteristics of all the timbers were carried out using their respective standard methods. Oven and sun dried densities of timbers ranged from 0.39 to 0.97 and 0.45 to 1.16 g/cm3 respectively. Moisture content of oven and sun dried timbers ranged from 8.02 to 11.56% and 8.15 to 11.65 % respectively. The range of values for ignition time were (3.00-10.00) seconds for oven dried timbers and (5.00-10.00) seconds for sun dried timbers. Flame propagation rate ranged between 0.15 and 0.27 cm/s and from 0.09 to 0.25 cm/s for oven and sun dried timbers respectively. The values for flame duration ranged from 12.00 to 56.00 seconds for oven dried timbers and 7.00 to 45.00 seconds for sun dried timbers. Afterglow times of oven and sun dried timbers ranged from 70.00 to 267.00 and 19.00 to 188.00 seconds respectively. Ash formation values ranged from 0.19 to 2.38 and 0.25 to 2.46 % for oven and sun dried timbers respectively. Combustion/pyrolysis pattern of oven and sun dried timbers on exposure to fire was similar. Density related to flame propagation rate, although, for the denser hard woods above 0.60g/cm3 and 0.70g/cm3 for oven and sun dried timbers respectively, this dependence was less straight forward. The flame characteristics of the oven dried timbers compared favourably with sun dried timbers and showed that ignition time, flame duration, afterglow time and ash formation have no clear relationship with timber density.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Effects and Its Relationship With Major Flame Characteristics of Selected Fire Tolerant Trees in South-East Nigeria: a Look at Oven and Sun Dried Timbers

Okafor¹,

Okafor²,

Anyalebechi³

et al. 2020

JCSN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reports on flammability studies of some fire tolerant trees of the tropical rain forests and as well the effects of density and moisture content of woods on some flame properties and flame retardants on timbers abound [18][19][20]24]. It is surprising that little or no effort had been made to correlate the physical properties of woods with the major parameters of flammability of fire tolerant trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations of Major Flame Characteristics of Some Fire Tolerant Trees in South-East Nigeria by Coefficient of Determination (R2)

Okafor

Obiadi

Obiefuna

2020

JSRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Bush fire is a common hazard in South East-Nigeria as in other parts of the country during the harmattan. Every year, thousands of hectares of forests as well as suburban lands are severely burnt. These forest fires have been catastrophic, destroying large areas of tropical rain forests and in most cases have claimed many lives and destroyed properties worth millions of naira. However, some of these trees identified by local people and named by taxonomists as Daniellia oliveri, Anacadium occidentale, Vitex doniana, Lonchocarpus griffonianus, Gmelina arborea, Nauclea latifolia, Tectona grandis, Mangifera indica, Delonix regia, Newbouldia laevis, Azadirachta indica, Dialium guineense, Terminalia superba, Manilkara obovata and Irvingia gabonensis have proven to be fire tolerant. Aim: The aim is to establish correlations among the physical properties (wood density and moisture content) and flame characteristics (ignition time, flame propagation rate, flame duration, afterglow time, ash formation and limiting oxygen index) of these fire tolerant trees. Study Design: An item structured instrument was developed by the researchers which reflected the six points modified Likert scale of strongly agree, agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, disagree, strongly disagree and used to elicit information from the respondents who were mainly seasoned wood dealers of above 60 years of age. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was the major tool of analysis used to establish whether the tree species tolerates fire or not while correlation of the parameters was achieved by the application of R2. Place and Duration of Study: Determination of both the physical properties and flame characteristics of the tree species was done at the Research Laboratory of the Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka between June, 2018 and April, 2019. Methodology: The physical properties of the tree species as well as their flame characteristics were carried out using their standard methods. Results: The values for these parameters vary among the tree species. Correlation among the parameters indicates a determination coefficient range from 0.000 to 0.637. Conclusion: There are highly significant correlations between wood density and both ignition time and flame propagation rate as well as wood density and limiting oxygen index. There is also strong correlation between ignition time and both flame propagation rate and limiting oxygen index. Afterglow time depends on limiting oxygen index and vice versa.

show abstract

Recent development and challenges in enhancing fire performance on wood and wood-based composites: A 10-year review from 2012 to 2021

Albert,

Liew

2024

Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effect of Density on Flame Characteristics of Some Tropical Timbers

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Density Effects and Its Relationship With Major Flame Characteristics of Selected Fire Tolerant Trees in South-East Nigeria: a Look at Oven and Sun Dried Timbers

Density Effects and Its Relationship With Major Flame Characteristics of Selected Fire Tolerant Trees in South-East Nigeria: a Look at Oven and Sun Dried Timbers

Correlations of Major Flame Characteristics of Some Fire Tolerant Trees in South-East Nigeria by Coefficient of Determination (R2)

Recent development and challenges in enhancing fire performance on wood and wood-based composites: A 10-year review from 2012 to 2021

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About