Effect of dental caries on periodontal inflammatory status: A split-mouth study

Estimating the Effects of Dental Caries and Its Restorative Treatment on Periodontal Inflammatory and Oxidative Status: A Short Controlled Longitudinal Study

“…The immunopathological pattern shared between caries and periodontitis provides the basis for their pathological interplay due to a tight topographic communication of respective tissues. Caries affected teeth exhibited significantly increased proinflammatory markers of Th-1, Th-17, and Th-22 lymphocytes subgroups, as well as significantly increased marker of oxidative stress which is concordant to the previously reported finings (14,26,36). Implication of Th-17 response indicates an advanced inflammation grade, since IL-17 plays as inflammatory enhancer in pro-longed or unsuccessful elimination of detrimental noxa by Th-1 response, which is additionally supported with findings of an increased oxidative stress (TBARS) and depletion of protective Th-9 in caries.…”

“…The residual monomers and metal ions from resin restorations and amalgams such as HEMA and TEGDMA monomers, Hg +2 and Ni +2 are undoubtfully in major focus of biocompatibility concerns since these components may cause oxidative stress and chronic inflammation even at non-cytotoxic concentrations ( 18 ). Biological reaction on restorative biomaterials usually implies a time-limited adaptive inflammatory response with clinical signs of inflammation in adjacent dental pulp and gingiva ( 20 ), while at the molecular level it causes increased Th1, Th17, and Th22 marker in GCF samples ( 14 , 26 ). Present study has demonstrated that restorative materials alter a periodontal inflammatory and oxidative status over the time, generally characterized with non-specific balanced inflammatory response and increased antioxidants, suggesting non-pathological inflammatory effects of commonly used restorative materials, which is in accordance to previously reported findings ( 26 ).…”

“…The unrestricted disease progression in both pathologies results in activation of Th-17 response mediated by M-1 macrophages ( 9 ). This is deemed important since the shared immunological pattern allows for synergistic pro-inflammatory effects among diseases, as recently confirmed based on significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of caries affected periodontally healthy teeth compared to intact teeth ( 14 ). Moreover, it is established that some components of standard restorative materials may cause pro-inflammatory effects coupled with depletion of antioxidants and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) even at non-cytotoxic concentrations ( 15 – 17 ).…”

“…Several experimental studies have demonstrated that restorative materials may alter biological local response, while the intensity and final outcomes greatly varied amongst different biomaterials (21)(22)(23)(24). Scarce few clinical studies reported on the effects of standard restorative materials on periodontal markers, demonstrating the association of restorative treatment with significant increase in Th-1 and Th-17 markers 7, 14, 21, and 30 days post-treatment (14,25,26). However, those very initial studies were conducted in relatively small sample and without comprehensive assessment of various materials and biomarkers, thus the knowledge about specific biological effects of commonly used restorative materials on periodontal status remains scarce.…”

Detection of Dental Caries Using Salivary Biomarkers – A Systematic Review

“…Another included study has found a positive correlation between IL-6 exhibitions with caries prediction [10]. Previous literature evidences have proved that caries affected teeth exhibit significantly increased GCF levels of IL-4 and IL-6 when compared to healthy teeth, even in shallow lesions [11]. This increase in expression of interleukins could be because of the correlation of carious lesions with the periodontal pathology.…”