Effect of Dental Materials Calcium Hydroxide–containing Cement, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and Enamel Matrix Derivative on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Tooth Germ Stem Cells

Objective: To propose bismuth carbonate, a radiopacifying agent, as a new endodontic root repair material that was added to Portland cement (PC) at 2 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt%, and physicochemical and biological properties of each formulation were evaluated in comparison to MTA-Angelus. Methods: Mixed and powder samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray power diffraction (XRD), and the semiquantitative constitution of the powder was determined by energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Setting time was evaluated by Vicat needle and radiopacity analysed with digital X-ray. The pH of all tested materials was observed after immersion in water for 3, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h (or 7 days). Solubility and calcium release were measured after immersion in water for 24 h. A multiparametric assay XTT-NR-CVDE was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the materials in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) fibroblasts. HPDL fibroblasts were exposed to PC 15% and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL1A, IL6, IL8, TNF) and bone formation genes (ALP, COL1 , RUNX2) was evaluated by real-time PCR. Mineralisation of HPDL fibroblasts cocultured with PC, PC 15% and MTA was evaluated with Von Kossa staining. Results: PC-based groups presented more irregular and larger particles than MTA. PC and MTA showed similarities as observed by XRD and EDS. Setting time of PC-based groups was increased with the addition of bismuth carbonate. All tested materials were alkaline, and pH tended to reduce over time. All cements had solubility lower than recommended, with no difference between them (P>0.05) and showed calcium release. PC 15% had similar radiopacity when compared with MTA (P>0.05). Cell viability was higher for the tested materials than the positive control (P<0.001), but there was no difference when they were compared with negative control (P>0.05). Gene expression levels were similar for all tested groups (P>0.05). Analysed cements had positive Von Kossa staining. Conclusion: Overall, the addition of 15% of bismuth carbonate did not result in significant changes to its physicochemical and biological properties when compared with MTA, except for the setting time, and may be considered a potential substitute for MTA. Keywords: Bismuth carbonate, mineral trioxide aggregate, portland cement, root repair material INTRODUCTIONMineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a root repair material with Portland cement (PC) and bismuth oxide as major components (1). Several studies have shown that both MTA and PC present similar physicochemical and biological properties (2-5). PC has been proposed as an alternative material to MTA, but its major disadvantage is that it does not achieve the radiopacity level required to be distinguished from the surrounding anatomical structures, thus requiring the addition of a radiopacifying agent prior to its use as an endodontic material (6).Previous studies have shown that bismuth oxide, the radiopacifying agent in ProRoot MTA and MTA-Angelus, decrea...

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“…These results are consistent with previous studies, where mineral deposits were found in cells cultured with ProRoot MTA (15,37,38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of a New Portland Cement-based Root Repair Material

Aminsobhani¹,

MERAJI²,

Khoshdel³

et al. 2017

Eur Endod J

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“…An in vitro adult human dermal fibroblast cytotoxicity study showed that MTA materials (MTA-Angelus, Brasseler Endosequence Root Repair Putty) and resin-modified Ca(OH) 2 (Ultra-Blend Plus) had cytotoxicity levels statistically similar to the negative control, which was statistically less cytotoxic than the two-paste calcium hydroxide (Dycal) 20) . MTA also showed less toxic to human tooth germ stem cells than Dycal 26) . An in vivo study (60 days) with dogs showed that none or mild inflammatory response occurred beneath the pulpal wound capped with calcium hydroxide saline paste or Pro-Root MTA.…”

Section: Calcium Silicates and Resin-modified Calcium Silicatesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of resin-free and resin-modified direct pulp capping materials: A state-of-the-art review

Chen¹,

Suh²

2017

Dental Materials Journal

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Direct pulp capping is the placement of a dental material directly over exposed pulp to prevent dental pulp from dying and avoid the need for root canal treatments. Calcium hydroxide and calcium silicates/mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) have been commonly used for direct pulp capping with great success clinically. In recent years, resin-modified calcium hydroxide and calcium silicates have been developed with the advantages of precise placement, command set, and superior physical strength. As pulp capping materials would be in direct contact with the pulp, the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility is of particular importance in order to avoid pulp irritation and maintain pulp vitality. Therefore, this review article will summarize the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of direct pulp capping materials, particularly resin-modified materials.

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“…Among them, calcium hydroxide has been successfully used clinically and has been accepted as the pulp capping agent of first choice. Dycal ® is the most commonly used calcium hydroxide material for direct pulp capping in the clinic 4,5) . However, a major disadvantage of using calcium hydroxide in the amputated pulp is the new formation of dentin bridge structures, including small holes or defects with degenerated and necrotic tissues, which is not clinically acceptable and can lead to the development of other disease symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled release of simvastatin from biodegradable hydrogels promotes odontoblastic differentiation

Miyazawa

Matsuno

Asano

et al. 2015

Dental Materials Journal

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The objective of this study was to investigate the odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) by biodegradable hydrogels incorporating simvastatin micelles, both in vitro and in vivo. Simvastatin (ST) was incorporated into the micelles of gelatin grafted with L-lactic acid oligomers (LAo) to allow water-solubilization. The simvastatin-LAo-grafted gelatin (LAo-g-gelatin) micelles were mixed with gelatin, followed by chemical crosslinking to form gelatin hydrogels (ST Mi/GH). The ST Mi were released from the gelatin hydrogel granules (GH) through enzymatic degradation. The ST Mi enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and bone morphogenic protein-2 secretion of DPSC. When implanted subcutaneously into mice, the ST Mi/GH treated group exhibited increased dentin sialoprotein and calcium deposition, compared with those treated with GH plus free ST. It is possible to achieve odontoblastic differentiation of DPSC through the controlled release of ST from GH.

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Effect of Dental Materials Calcium Hydroxide–containing Cement, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and Enamel Matrix Derivative on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Tooth Germ Stem Cells

Cited by 64 publications

References 36 publications

Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of a New Portland Cement-based Root Repair Material

Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of a New Portland Cement-based Root Repair Material

Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of resin-free and resin-modified direct pulp capping materials: A state-of-the-art review

Controlled release of simvastatin from biodegradable hydrogels promotes odontoblastic differentiation

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