Effect of Depression on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survival of Older Women with Breast Cancer

Abstract

OBJECTIVES-To assess the effect of a prior diagnosis of depression on the diagnosis, treatment, and survival of older women with breast cancer. DESIGN-Retrospective analysis of records from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) and Medicare claims. SETTING-Registries from seven major cities and five states.PARTICIPANTS-A total of 24,696 women aged 67 to 90 diagnosed with breast cancer between 1993 and 1996 and included in the SEER Medicare linked database were studied.MEASUREMENTS-Information on patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment received, and survival were obtained from SEER, and the Medicare inpatient and professional charges for the 2 years before diagnosis were searched for a diagnosis of depression.RESULTS-A total of 1,841 of the 24,696 women (7.5%) had been given a diagnosis of depression sometime in the 2 years before the diagnosis of breast cancer. There was no difference in tumor size or stage at diagnosis between depressed and nondepressed women. Women diagnosed with depression were less likely to receive treatment generally considered definitive (59.7% vs 66.2%, P< .0001), and this difference remained after controlling for age, ethnicity, comorbidity, and SEER site. Also, women with a prior diagnosis of depression had a higher risk of death (hazard ratio =1.42; 95% confidence interval = 1.13-1.79) after controlling for other factors that might affect survival. The higher risk of death associated with a prior diagnosis of depression was also seen in analyses restricted to women who received definitive treatment.CONCLUSION-Women with a recent diagnosis of depression are at greater risk for receiving nondefinitive treatment and experience worse survival after a diagnosis of breast cancer, but differences in treatment do not explain the worse survival. Keywordsdepression; breast cancer; access to care; survival; treatment Depression is associated with impaired recovery from a number of medical illnesses, such as stroke, hip fracture, and myocardial infarction. 1-7 The exact mechanisms whereby depression influences recovery from illness have not been delineated but presumably involve multiple pathways. 8,9Address correspondence to Dr. James S. Goodwin, Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas 77555. E-mail: jsgoodwi@utmb.edu. Supported by Grants AG 17231 and CA 71773 from the U.S. Public Health Service. The study population consisted of all women in the SEER registries who were diagnosed with incident breast cancer in the years 1993-1996 and who linked with the Medicare data (n =52,010). Because diagnoses of depression in the 2 years before breast cancer diagnosis were assessed with the Medicare claims data, the subjects were limited to women who were aged 67 and older (range 67-90) on January 1 of the year of their breast cancer diagnosis (n =36,833), were enrolled in Medicare parts A and B, and were not members of a health maintenance organization for that same year (n =27,894). Subjects not meeting these cri...

Personality traits and cancer survival: a Danish cohort study

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