Effect of Desulfonation of Lignosulfonate on the Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Lignin Composites

Ye, Hanzhou; Zhang, Yang; Yu, Zhongliang

doi:10.15376/biores.12.3.4810-4829

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the second stage, which had a DTG peak temperature of 263 °C, residual hemicelluloses were degraded, perhaps as were lignin-carbohydrate complexes. Certain lignosulfonates begin to degrade at temperatures above 250 °C [24,25]. Because the observed mass of the second-stage peak (~20 wt %) was higher than the total amount of hemicelluloses (Table 2), this result was expected as a possibility, even in our case.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Impact of Lignin Content on the Properties of Hemicellulose Hydrogels

et al. 2018

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Hemicellulose is a promising renewable raw material for the production of hydrogels. This polysaccharide exists in large amounts in various waste streams, in which they are usually impure and heavily diluted. Several downstream processing methods can be combined to concentrate and purify the hemicellulose. However, such an approach can be costly; hence, the effect of impurities on the formation and properties of hydrogels must be determined. Lignin usually exists in these waste streams as a major impurity that is also difficult to separate. This compound can darken hydrogels and decrease their swellability and reactivity, as shown in many studies. Other properties and effects of lignin impurities are equally important for the end application of hydrogels and the overall process economy. In this work, we examined the feasibility of producing hydrogels from hemicelluloses that originated from sodium-based spent sulfite liquor. A combination of membrane filtration and anti-solvent precipitation was used to extract and purify various components. The influence of the purity of hemicellulose and the addition of lignosulfonates (emulated impurities in the downstream processing) to the crosslinking reaction mixture on the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of hydrogels was determined.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The degradation of lignin occurred in 3 major stages, as indicated by the derivative of the TGA curve (DTG). In the first stage, the DTG peak temperature was approximately 33 °C, due to the release of absorbed water and other solvents, such as acetone, that were used during the precipitation [23,24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Lignin Content on the Properties of Hemicellulose Hydrogels

et al. 2018

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“…Blends were prepared from lignin and many types of polymers, and the conclusions about the structure and properties of these blends are very controversial. Polyolefins are obvious choices as matrix for lignin blends, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] but lignin was combined also with polystyrene, 19,28,29 poly(ethylene terephthalate), 20,29 polycarbonate, 29 poly(vinyl chloride), 30,31 poly(vinyl alcohol), 24,32 various biopolymers, like poly(lactic acid), [33][34][35][36] polycaprolactone, 37 poly(hydroxybutyrate), 38 starch 39,40 and proteins. 41,42 Quite surprisingly, a wide variety of behaviors was reported for the blends from complete miscibility 19,20,27,33,[40][41][42] to complete immiscibility 20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations among Miscibility, Structure, and Properties in Thermoplastic Polymer/Lignin Blends

Romhányi

Kun

Pukánszky

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Blends were prepared from an industrial lignosufonate and seven matrix polymers with different chemical structures. The components were homogenized in an internal mixer and plates were compression molded for further testing. The blends were characterized by a number of methods: structure by scanning electron microscopy, interactions by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, while mechanical properties by tensile testing. Only weak dispersion forces develop in polyolefins, the properties of the blends are poor. Aromatic,  electron interactions are stronger and H-bonds result in reasonable compatibility and mechanical properties. The best properties were achieved with the ionomer as matrix in which the combination of hydrogen bridges and ionic bonds result in good compatibility and properties. The strength of interactions was estimated with the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter and good quantitative correlations were found among miscibility, structure and properties, which could be predicted with simple theories. Although blends with acceptable properties could be prepared from the ionomer and lignin, the deformability of most blends were very small limiting practical application. The plasticization or chemical modification of lignin may lead to materials which can be used in industrial practice.

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“…The development of hydrogen bridges was observed also in the blends of lignin and several biopolymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). PLA seems to be immiscible with lignin [32][33][34], but based on SEM micrographs, Ouyang et al [35] claimed the formation of a homogeneous, single-phase structure in their blends. PHB was claimed to form miscible blend up to 40 wt% lignin content, but phase separation occurs at large concentrations [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen bonding interactions in poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)/lignin blends

Podolyák

Kun

Renner

et al. 2018

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Blends were prepared from lignin and ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers to study the effect of hydrogen bonding interactions on compatibility and structure. The vinyl alcohol (VOH) content of the copolymers changed between 52 and 76 mol%, while the lignin content of the blends varied between 0 and 60 vol%. Low density polyethylene with 0 mol% VOH content was used as reference. The components were homogenized in an internal mixer and they were characterized by various methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results of the experiments proved that strong hydrogen bonds form between the two components shown by FTIR spectroscopy, a shift in the relaxation temperatures of the matrix polymer and by the decrease of crystallite size and crystallinity with increasing lignin content. In spite of the strong interactions, heterogeneous structure forms in the studied blends since self-interactions within the neat components are also very strong. The size of dispersed lignin particles is determined by competitive interactions in the blends; stronger EVOH/lignin interactions result in smaller particle size. Although hydrogen bonds are strong, miscible polymer/lignin blends can be prepared only by applying other approaches like plasticization or chemical modification.

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Effect of Desulfonation of Lignosulfonate on the Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Lignin Composites

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Lignin Content on the Properties of Hemicellulose Hydrogels

Impact of Lignin Content on the Properties of Hemicellulose Hydrogels

Correlations among Miscibility, Structure, and Properties in Thermoplastic Polymer/Lignin Blends

Hydrogen bonding interactions in poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)/lignin blends

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