Effect of deuterium substitution on the surface interactions in binary polymer mixtures

Budkowski, Andrzej; Rysz, Jakub; Scheffold, Frank; Klein, Jacob; Fetters, Lewis J.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19981115)36:15<2691::aid-polb3>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 22 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In both methods an ion beam (of 1 MeV 3 He + and 5 keV Ga + particles in NRA and SIMS, respectively) impinges on a sample and the products of its interactions with the polymer material are analysed. In NRA proton energy spectra from the reaction 3 He( 2 H, 1 H) 4 He yield the profiles of deuterium labelled polymers with the depth resolution δ = 14 nm (Half Width at Half Maximum) at the vacuum surface (z = 0) deteriorating to δ = 26 nm at the depth z = 400 nm (as determined in test measurements of pure dPS films) [18,23,24,38,39,47]. In SIMS the profiles of various elements or molecules present in the sample (with the resolution δ = 6 nm HWHM) are provided by temporal variations of the intensities of secondary ions (C − , CH − , CD − , Br − , Si − ) produced in the sputtering process [18,24,39,48].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is driven by the surface field s B , specified by the surface tension difference ∆γ dPS/PBr x S between the mixture components. The latter was evaluated as ∆γ dPS/PBr x S ≈ 0.9 mJ/m 2 (basing on the relation between χ dPS/PBr x S and ∆γ dPS/PBr x S [23] as well as the dPS/PBr y S (y = 1.0) data [20]). The observed preferential attraction of PBr x S (x = 22.7%) by the Au substrate is in accord with previous results for metal substrates covered by films of the mixtures dPS/PBr y S with low bromination index y = 11.9% [9].…”

Section: Surface Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these parameters change the blend immiscibility (specified by the quench depth ε) more than the surface field strength s B [23,38] one might vary the effective strength s B with respect to ε: as a result, a wetting transition [30,39] was very recently observed. The interactions in the bulk and at the surface are related [23] and therefore another strategy should be used to vary s B with ε kept constant. The latter situation is often required in potential applications involving surface-induced self-organisation, orientation and phase separation [31][32][33][34]40,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic-flow-driven phase evolution in a polymer blend film modified by diblock copolymers

Rysz

Ermer

Budkowski

et al. 2001

The European Physical Journal E

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We have studied surface-directed phase separation in thin films of deuterated polystyrene and poly(bromostyrene) (with 22.7% of monomers brominated) using 3 He nuclear reaction analysis, dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy combined with preferential dissolution. The crossover from competing to neutral surfaces of the critical blend film (cast onto Au) was commenced: polyisoprene-polystyrene diblock copolymers were added and segregated to both surfaces reducing in a tuneable manner the effective interactions. Two main stages of phase evolution are characterised by i) the growth of two surface layers and by ii) the transition from the four-layer to the final bilayer morphology. For increasing copolymer content the kinetics of the first stage is hardly affected but the amplitude of composition oscillations is reduced indicating more fragmented inner layers. As a result, a faster mass flow to the surfaces and an earlier completion of the second stage were observed. The hydrodynamic flow mechanism, driving both stages, is evidenced by nearly linear growth of the surface layer and by mass flow channels extending from the surface layer into the bulk. The final bilayer structure, formed even for the surfaces covered by strongly overlapped copolymers, is indicative of long-range (antisymmetric) surface forces.PACS. 64.75.+g Solubility, segregation, and mixing; phase separation -68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic-flow-driven phase evolution in a polymer blend film modified by diblock copolymers

Rysz

Ermer

Budkowski

et al. 2001

The European Physical Journal E

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“…Isotopic polymer counterparts were used to provide the contrast necessary for the depth profiling techniques. Isotopic exchange (PI-hPS for PI-dPS and dPS 2 for hPS 2 ) does not introduce any discernible thermodynamic modifications [70][71][72] for the systems studied in this work as the changes of relevant parameters are too small [10,12]. The surface activity of diblock copolymers is illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: A Surface/polymers Interactions Tuned By Surface-active DImentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-directed phase separation in nanometer polymer films: self-stratification and pattern replication

et al. 2002

Self Cite

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Phase separation occurs in thin films of polymer blends when molecular mobility is promoted by a temperature above the glass transition but inside the twophase region (temperature quench), or a common solvent added to the polymers (solvent quench). This phenomenon can be altered by a homogeneous surface or pre-patterned substrate, resulting, e.g., in self-stratification or pattern replication, respectively. Such self-organisation processes ordering polymer phases were observed for model polymer blends (deuterated/hydrogenated polystyrene, dPS/hPS, and deuterated/partially brominated PS, dPS/PBrS, both with hPSpolyisoprene diblocks added; dPS/poly(vinylpyridine) and PBrS/PVP) with highresolution ion beam techniques (Nuclear Reaction Analysis, profiling and mapping mode of dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) and Atomic Force Microscopy. The self-stratification process is strongly affected by both the range as well as the strength of the surface/polymer interactions. This is illustrated for the temperature-quenched blends with surface-active copolymer additives tuning the interactions exerted by both external surfaces. The pattern transfer from the substrate to the films is demonstrated for the solvent-quenched blends. Patterndirected composition variations (SIMS maps) coincide with free surface undulations (AFM images). The most effective pattern replication is achieved for the length scale of phase domain morphology comparable with the pattern periodicity and for carefully adjusted polymer/substrate interactions.

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“…It is a well-established fact that polymer blends normally tend to phase-separate due to low entropy of mixing between different polymers, [6] which offer the opportunity to optimize and tailor the nanoscale domain sizes in their phase-separated structures while also having the potential to observe novel phenomena (e.g., energy transfer, spectral stability) not feasible in homopolymers via top-down approaches. [7] In general, similar micrometer-or nanometer-sized phase-separated structures can be always created by mixing a luminescent polymer in a matrix of anin this respect -inert polymer [8] or by using the breath figure (BF) approach in block polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Separation in Poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends

Zhou

Wang

Han

et al. 2010

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Binary blends of the conjugated polymer poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) and the insulating polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) phase‐separated and exhibited optical and electrical activity in light‐emitting‐diodes. The phase‐separated PFO columns were uniformly packed and situated directly on a transparent hole‐injecting contact. The length scales of lateral topographical features can be adjusted discretionarily by controlling the blend concentration and compositional ratio. The mechanism leading to the formation of lateral structures was investigated by comparing with the vertical segregation in polar conjugated polymer poly(9,9‐bis(6‐diethoxylphosphorylhexyl)fluorene) (PF‐EP) blends with PMMA, which suggested that kinetics rather than interfacial free energy acted. In such lateral phase‐separated structures, the phase‐separated PFO domains were the optically and electrically active phase. This highlighted the potential opportunity as nanoscale light source for organic optoelectronic device applications with well‐controllable properties.magnified image

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Effect of deuterium substitution on the surface interactions in binary polymer mixtures

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Hydrodynamic-flow-driven phase evolution in a polymer blend film modified by diblock copolymers

Hydrodynamic-flow-driven phase evolution in a polymer blend film modified by diblock copolymers

Surface-directed phase separation in nanometer polymer films: self-stratification and pattern replication

Phase Separation in Poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends

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