Effect of diesel and propanol blends on regulated pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under lean combustion conditions

Abstract

Alcohols such as n-propanol and diesel fuel can be mixed to increase the rate of bioalcohol utilization while reducing harmful pollutants. Examination of exhaust emissions from diesel engines, in terms of both regulated pollutants and unregulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is very important to the environment, public health, and engine durability. For this purpose, in this study, diesel blends with various n-propanol concentrations (5%, 20%, and 35% by volume) were evaluated in a diesel engine. Regulated emissions were measured using a standard 5-gas analyzer and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of blended fuels on PAH formation (total PAHs, PAH distribution, and PAH toxicity) was examined in detail and compared with baseline diesel. Nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions were reduced by 18.30% with higher n-propanol concentrations. The addition of n-propanol to diesel decreased total PAHs by as much as 71.20%. The fuel blend with a 20% n-propanol concentration stood out with a maximum reduction of 91.23% in the toxicity of PAHs. In addition, n-propanol led to a substantial decrease in the distribution of high ring aromatic compounds. Overall, it was demonstrated that n-propanol is an effective additive to not only reduce the total PAH emissions and toxicity but also heavier PAHs which are more carcinogenic and cause a greater risk of the wetstacking issues for engines under cold operating or low load conditions.

Advancing RCCI engine performance via optimal acetylene premix ratios and advanced diesel injection timing: An experimental investigation

“…HC emission is significantly lower in the case of lower HRF injection timing (up to 50° bTDC) in almost all LRF premixed shares. At lower HRF injection advancement, opposing cylinder pressure is comparatively higher during HRF injection (than that of maximum injection advancement operation) and air‐fuel mixing time is also comparatively lower which reduces the probability of wall impingement as well as crevice flow, thus resulting in lower HC emission 48,49 …”

“…At lower HRF injection advancement, opposing cylinder pressure is comparatively higher during HRF injection (than that of F I G U R E 1 0 Variation in maximum cylinder temperature with HRF injection timing and LRF premix ratio.F I G U R E 1 1 Variation of maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) with HRF injection timing and LRF participation share. maximum injection advancement operation) and air-fuel mixing time is also comparatively lower which reduces the probability of wall impingement as well as crevice flow, thus resulting in lower HC emission 48,49. CO emissions have a similar rationale for combustion quality or its incompleteness.…”

Influence of Fuel Oxygenation on Regulated Pollutants and Unregulated Aromatic Compounds with Biodiesel and n-Pentanol Blends

“…Biodiesel blends containing n-pentanol at concentration of 5%, 20%, and 35% resulted in NO X emission reductions of 13.71%, 26.3%, and 11.86%, respectively, when compared to neat biodiesel. The ignition delay time is increased at higher loads, leading to premixed combustion of which n-pentanol improves, resulting in a reduction of the cooling effect [36,37]. Although the ignition delay time is increased at higher loads, the residence time is reduced at high temperatures, producing less NO X [6].…”

Occurrence, Sources, and Health Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Road Environments from Harbin, a Megacity of China

“…And it is essential to mitigate the pollution of road dust by reducing pollutants such as PAHs in the various sources of road dust. For example, controlling the emissions of vehicle exhaust, such as exhaust gas from diesel engines, may not only improve engine durability but also reduce the content of pollutants [ 22 ]. Recent studies found that the addition of alcohols to diesel or biodiesel significantly reduced emissions of regulated pollutants and unregulated PAHs from diesel engine exhaust, which provides a positive measure to decrease PAH content in vehicle exhaust [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”