Effect of Diesel Exhaust on Development of Fetal Reproductive Function in ICR Female Mice

Abstract

Diesel exhaust (DE) is a serious air pollution problem in big cities. Most suspended particulate matter (SPM) less than 2.5 m in diameter consists of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), which are reported to cause pulmonary carcinogenesis, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma-like diseases. It has been recently reported that DE also affects the circulatory and reproductive systems. Yoshida et al. reported that mRNA expression of steroidogenic factor-1 (Ad4BP/SF-1) and of Müllerian inhibitory substance (MIS), which are essential for male gonadal differentiation, decreased significantly in male fetuses when maternal mice were exposed to DE at levels of 0.1 or 3.0 mg DEP/m 3 for 8 hr per day between 2 and 13 days postcoitum (dpc). In this study, maternal mice were exposed to DE 0.1 mg DEP /m 3 for 8 hr per day between 2 and 13 dpc. Expression levels of Ad4BP/SF-1 and MIS mRNA in female fetuses were not decreased. However, expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein-15, reported to be related to development of the oocyte, were significantly decreased in comparison with that in the control group. Our data suggest that female fetuses of pregnant mice exposed to DE in utero are less sensitive to the expression levels of mRNAs for Ad4BP/SF-1 and MIS compared with males and that DE may affect development of the oocyte in the female fetus.

Early Development Origins of Adult Disease Caused by Malnutrition and Environmental Chemical Substances

“…Ad4BP/SF1 and MIS mRNA levels are not changed following maternal DE exposure, but levels of bone morphogenetic protein-15, reported to be related to oocyte development, 50) were significantly decreased. 51) This data suggests that maternal exposure to DE may cause different adverse effects on reproductive development of female fetus offspring. In addition, maternal and postnatal DE exposure in female rats has been shown to enhance proliferation of the rat endometriosis model accompanied by an increase in serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels, 52) which is consistent with reports regarding cytokine expression in endometriosis in humans and the rat model.…”

The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on mouse spermatogenesis

“…Gromadzka-Ostrowska et al also showed that even small amounts of silver NPs have a toxic impact on the germ cells and reduced sperm quality [19]. Previous studies demonstrate that NPs have the capacity to penetrate the blood-testis barrier and some of them have toxic action on male germ cells [30][31][32][33]. Braydich-Stolle et al showed that mammalian spermatogonial stem cells are sensitive to Ag-NPs [5].…”

Diesel Exhaust Exposure Enhances the Persistence of Endometriosis Model in Rats

“…6465); Fax: +81-4-7121-3784; E-mail: j3108703@ed.noda.tus.ac.jp monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and DE particles (DEPs). Numerous studies have indicated that DE and DEPs have various detrimental effects on health; it has been reported that DE in humans causes lung cancer, 1) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2) cardiovascular disease, [3][4][5][6] and in mice, reduced male reproductive function, [7][8][9][10] abnormal fetal development of female reproductive function, 11) abnormal expression of immune-related genes in the placenta, 12) and central nervous system damage. 13) It has also been reported that DE exposure promotes allergic reactions in the airway and exaggerates the pathology of respiratory allergic diseases.…”