Effect of diesel soot contaminated oil on engine wear — investigation of novel oil formulations

Gautam, Mridul; Chitoor, Karthik; Durbha, Murali; Summers, James

doi:10.1016/s0301-679x(99)00081-x

Cited by 97 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This proposed mechanism is effectively a chemical polishing one, not dissimilar to chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), and several researchers studying wear by soot have reported that the surfaces, although heavily worn, appear highly polished [20][37]. It is quite likely that bore-polishing which also produces a heavily worn but highly polished surface has its origins in a similar mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently Hosonuma showed that soot preferentially adsorbs the zinc-containing anti-wear intermediates rather than the phosphoruscontaining species generally believed to form antiwear films [18]. Kawamura [19], Berbezier [6] and Gautam [20] also found no noticeable adsorption of phosphorus compounds on soot particles. Recently, however, NMR has been employed to detect phosphates and thiophosphates from ZDDP on soot particles [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antagonistic Interaction of Antiwear Additives and Carbon Black

2009

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SUMMARYIt is well known that the presence of soot in engine oils can lead to an increase in wear of engine parts. This is a growing problem as soot levels in diesel engine oils are rising due to a combination of extended drain intervals and the various methods employed to reduce NOx formation such as retarded ignition and exhaust gas recirculation.Several different mechanisms have been proposed by which soot might lead to an increase in wear in mixed lubrication conditions, of which the most widely favoured is abrasion by soot, either of the rubbing metallic parts in engines or of the antiwear additive films formed on rubbing metal surfaces.In this study it is shown that the combination of mixed alkyl ZDDP and carbon black (used as soot surrogate) is strongly antagonistic in terms of wear. In a lubricant containing carbon black, the presence of ZDDP leads to considerably more wear than if ZDDP is left out. A similar, though less severe antagonism is also seen with primary ZDDP and other antiwear and EP additives. By varying the lubricant film thickness it is shown that the effect of carbon black in ZDDP-containing oils is to promote wear up to quite thick hydrodynamic film conditions, approaching the secondary carbon black particle size.It is proposed that the antagonistic wear effect results from a corrosion-abrasive mechanism in which the reaction film formed by antiwear additive and rubbing metal surface is very rapidly and continually abraded by carbon black. At most carbon black concentrations, wear rate then becomes controlled by the rate of initial antiwear additive film formation, which for secondary ZDDP is very rapid, rather than by the kinetics of the abrasive process.From this understanding, strategies for reducing the impact of engine soot on wear can be deduced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic Interaction of Antiwear Additives and Carbon Black

2009

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“…Wear of the materials also increase due to chemical reactions taking place on the surface (adsorption, corrosion) or due to abrasion of material or rupture of anti-wear film by soot. The application of EGR also adversely affects the lubricating oil quality and engine durability [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Gautam et al experimentally proved that soot interacts with oil addit ives reducing its anti-wear properties possibly by abrasive wear mechanis m. Increased wear due to EGR is because of presence of soot in lubricating oil [29].…”

Section: Exhaust Gas Recirculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of EGR also adversely affects the lubricating oil quality and engine durability [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Gautam et al experimentally proved that soot interacts with oil addit ives reducing its anti-wear properties possibly by abrasive wear mechanis m. Increased wear due to EGR is because of presence of soot in lubricating oil [29]. Studies on valve-train wear in p resence of soot were performed by Nagai et al As the EGR rate was varied fro m 0 to 17% to 25%, the wear of cam noses and rocker arm t ips was found to increase significantly [30].…”

Section: Exhaust Gas Recirculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on Performance and Emission of a Compression Ignition Engine with Staged Combustion (Insertion of Unburned Hydrocarbon)

Hussain¹,

Palaniradja²,

Alagumurthi³

et al. 2012

IJEE

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The usage of EGR adopted diesel engine increasing day by day world wide to reduce the NOx emissions. The EGR adopted engines can reduce NOx Considerably but it adversely improves the emissions of UHC nearly 40 to 50 %. We can avoid this effect by Reutilizat ion of UHC. In this paper the experimental investigation has been carried out on EGR adopted direct injection co mpression ignition engine with insertion of unburned hydro carbon rich exhaust. The results were presented and compared with all EGR levels. The result were evidenced that can reduce 20 to 25 % of UHC by this method.

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“…However, recirculation of exhaust product back into the engine combustion chamber has detrimental effects. Engine durability is compromised by EGR due to oil contamination by engine exhaust products [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Thin-Film Coating on Wear in EGR-Contaminated Oil

Ajayi¹,

Aldajah²,

Erdemir³

et al. 2002

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Abstract:Increased use of higher-efficiency compression ignition direct injection (CIDI) diesel engines instead of today's gasoline engines will result in reduced fuel consumption and greenhouse gases emissions. However, NO x and particulate exhaust emissions from diesel engines must be significantly reduced due to their possible adverse health effects. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an effective way to reduce NO x emissions from diesel engines, but the particulates and acidic exhaust products in the recirculated gas will contaminate engine lubricant oil by increasing the soot content and total acid number (TAN). These factors will increase the wear rate in many critical engine components and seriously compromise engine durability. We have investigated the use of commercially available thin and hard coatings (TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, and CrN) to mitigate the negative effects of EGR on wear. In tests with the four-ball machine according to ASTM D4172, we found that all the four coatings deposited on M-50 steel significantly reduced wear in EGR-contaminated oils when compared with uncoated M50 steel balls. *

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Effect of diesel soot contaminated oil on engine wear — investigation of novel oil formulations

Cited by 97 publications

References 13 publications

Antagonistic Interaction of Antiwear Additives and Carbon Black

Antagonistic Interaction of Antiwear Additives and Carbon Black

Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on Performance and Emission of a Compression Ignition Engine with Staged Combustion (Insertion of Unburned Hydrocarbon)

Effect of Thin-Film Coating on Wear in EGR-Contaminated Oil

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