Effect of Diet and Exercise on the Peripheral Immune System in Young Balb/c Mice

Martínez-Carrillo, Beatriz E.; Jarillo-Luna, Rosa Adriana; Campos-Rodrı́guez, Rafael; Valdés‐Ramos, Roxana; Rivera-Aguilar, Víctor

doi:10.1155/2015/458470

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…A dietary intervention RCT of 91 women who were obese demonstrated that weight loss was associated with a decrease in mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, a component of innate and adaptive immunity, but not NK cell cytotoxicity 197 . Similar effects were noted in preclinical studies, as dietary interventions altered the peripheral immune system, as measured by the percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood 198 .…”

Section: Biological Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 68%

Energy balance and gastrointestinal cancer: risk, interventions, outcomes and mechanisms

Ulrich

Himbert

Holowatyj

et al. 2018

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

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Obesity increases the risk of multiple gastrointestinal cancers and worsens disease outcomes. Conversely, strong inverse associations have emerged between physical activity and colon cancer and possibly other gastrointestinal malignancies. The effect of weight loss interventions - such as modifications of diet and/or physical activity or bariatric surgery - remains unclear in patients who are obese and have gastrointestinal cancer, although large clinical trials are underway. Human intervention studies have already shed light on potential mechanisms underlying the energy balance-cancer relationship, with preclinical models supporting emerging pathway effects. Central to interventions that reduce obesity or increase physical activity are pluripotent cancer-preventive effects (including reduced systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and angiogenesis, altered adipokine levels and improved insulin resistance) that directly interface with the hallmarks of cancer. Other mechanisms, such as DNA repair, oxidative stress and telomere length, immune function, effects on cancer stem cells and the microbiome, could also contribute to energy balance effects on gastrointestinal cancers. Although some mechanisms are well understood (for instance, systemic effects on inflammation and insulin signalling), other areas remain unclear. The current state of knowledge supports the need to better integrate mechanistic approaches with preclinical and human studies to develop effective, personalized diet and exercise interventions to reduce the burden of obesity on gastrointestinal cancer.

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Section: Biological Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 68%

Energy balance and gastrointestinal cancer: risk, interventions, outcomes and mechanisms

Ulrich

Himbert

Holowatyj

et al. 2018

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

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“…Accordingly, db/db and ob/ob presented a reduced number of peripheral blood and bone marrow B lymphocytes, which was recovered after leptin treatment ( Bennett et al, 1996 ; Claycombe et al, 2008 ). Conversely, db/db mice presented an increased absolute number of B cells in the peritoneal cavity ( Jennbacken et al, 2013 ), and the increase of leptin was correlated with a decrease in B cells of mice with unbalanced diets (carbohydrate-rich and fat-rich) ( Martínez-Carrillo et al, 2015 ). Thus, further investigation is needed to better clarify the role of leptin in lymphopoiesis.…”

Section: Leptin and Adaptive Immunity ( Figure mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, Fat Mass and Immune System: Role for Leptin

et al. 2018

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Obesity is an epidemic disease characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation associated with a dysfunctional fat mass. Adipose tissue is now considered an extremely active endocrine organ that secretes cytokine-like hormones, called adipokines, either pro- or anti-inflammatory factors bridging metabolism to the immune system. Leptin is historically one of most relevant adipokines, with important physiological roles in the central control of energy metabolism and in the regulation of metabolism-immune system interplay, being a cornerstone of the emerging field of immunometabolism. Indeed, leptin receptor is expressed throughout the immune system and leptin has been shown to regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. This review discusses the latest data regarding the role of leptin as a mediator of immune system and metabolism, with particular emphasis on its effects on obesity-associated metabolic disorders and autoimmune and/or inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

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“…Also, because they are not obese strains such as db/db and ob/ob mice. This allows us to evaluate the effect of diets and different nutrients in a healthy animal model [45,46,47,48]. The objective of using this strain was to work with healthy rodent models, to know the effect of sweeteners on healthy subjects before the disease is established.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chronic Commercial Sweeteners Consumption in Lymphocytes of Peyer’s Patches

Guzmán-Cruz

Martínez-Carrillo

Rillo

et al. 2019

EJNFS

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Aims: To know the effect of chronic commercial sweeteners consumption in lymphocytes of Peyer’s patches. Study Design: A prospective, longitudinal, comparative and experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Nutrition Research Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine of Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx) between August 2018 and May 2019 and was approved by the Bioethics Committee. Materials and Methods: Two groups of male mice of different strains were used: 1) Balb/c and 2) CD1, both at 8 weeks-old age. The groups were divided into 4 subgroups: 1) Control (without sweetener), 2) Sucrose (table sugar, 41.66 mg/mL), and two groups of commercial sweeteners 3) Splenda® (sucralose 1.2%, with a concentration of 4.16 mg/mL), and 4) Svetia® (Steviol glycoside 0.025 g with a concentration of 4.16 mg/mL). The mice consumed the supplementation for 6 weeks. Also, were quantified plasma glucose, percentage of lymphocytes from Peyer’s patches, water and food consumption weekly. Results: Mice increased their body weight after 6 weeks of treatment. The animals of Control and Sucrose subgroups showed a significant body weight gain of 5 g compared with the Splenda® and Svetia® subgroups, which increased only 4 g. In the subgroup treated with Splenda®, the blood glucose was reduced significantly. Svetia® and Control groups consumed more water without sweetener. The differences in food consumption were between the subgroups, not between the strains. By the end, the percentage of lymphocytes from Peyer´s patches increased in the Sucrose subgroup but decreased significantly in other subgroups. Conclusion: The consumption of sweeteners may modify the lymphocyte population of Peyer's patches in the small intestine and this variation depends on the frequency of consumption the strain of the rodents and the type of sweetener.

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Effect of Diet and Exercise on the Peripheral Immune System in Young Balb/c Mice

Cited by 9 publications

References 90 publications

Energy balance and gastrointestinal cancer: risk, interventions, outcomes and mechanisms

Energy balance and gastrointestinal cancer: risk, interventions, outcomes and mechanisms

Obesity, Fat Mass and Immune System: Role for Leptin

Effect of Chronic Commercial Sweeteners Consumption in Lymphocytes of Peyer’s Patches

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