Effect of Diet and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Abstract

Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of pathologies that result from clonal proliferation of lymphocytes. They are classified into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma; the latter develops as a result of B, T, or NK cells undergoing malignant transformation. It is believed that diet can modulate cellular redox state and that oxidative stress is implicated in lymphomagenesis by acting on several biological mechanisms; in fact, oxidative stress can generate a state of chronic inflammation through the activation of various transcription factors, thereby increasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and causing overstimulation of B lymphocytes in the production of antibodies and possible alterations in cellular DNA. The purpose of our work is to investigate the results of in vitro and in vivo studies on the possible interaction between lymphomas, oxidative stress, and diet. A variety of dietary regimens and substances introduced with the diet that may have antioxidant and antiproliferative effects were assessed. The possibility of using nutraceuticals as novel anticancer agents is discussed; although the use of natural substances in lymphoma therapy is an interesting field of study, further studies are needed to define the efficacy of different nutraceuticals before introducing them into clinical practice.

Bioactive Compounds and Scavenging Capacity of Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab Fruit) Pulp Extracts against ROS and RNS of Physiological Relevance

“…HO • is the most reactive and oxidative ROS, and it can induce lipid peroxidation with polyunsaturated fatty acids, resulting in the production of ROO • . After a reaction with chloride ions and in the presence of myeloperoxidase, H 2 O 2 is also used to produce additional microbicide ROS, namely, HOCl [50,51]. A comprehensive review of the results obtained in this investigation revealed that, among the extracts examined, the hydroalcoholic extract has a higher scavenging effect against the assessed ROS and RNS (Table 3).…”

“…•− , neutralizing the effects of this ROS; through hydrogenation; or by complexing with oxidant species [21,50,52]. In terms of RNS-scavenging capacity, all of the extracts proved to be effective scavengers of both • NO and ONOO − .…”

“…Moreover, oxidative stress is induced by an imbalance between the systemic synthesis of reactive pro-oxidant species and the biological system's ability to quickly neutralize or repair the ensuing damage. Antioxidant compounds obtained from food or dietary supplements can reduce the generation of reactive species at different stages of oxidative stress and through different pathways [21,50]. Thus, traditional fruits, including baobab, might be acknowledged as significant healthy antioxidant sources [2,9,14].…”

Green Synthesis of Cocos nucifera-Based Nanomaterials and Mechanistic Basis of Their Antimicrobial Action

“…Both the nanomaterials revealed antioxidant activity, attesting to their implication in a plausible reduction of oxidative stress following microbial infection. Accumulating evidence has shown the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of several diseases [69,70]; thus, the intervention of antioxidants during an infectious condition might prevent cell damage induced by oxidative stress.…”

Oxidative Stress and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Balance between ROS-Mediated Pro- and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

“…Evidence has demonstrated OS's role in both the pathophysiology and response to specific therapies of hematological disorders [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Several aspects of CML have been linked to OS, including dominance of one or more malignant clones or subclones, DNA alteration and defective DNA repair, antiapoptotic effect of p210 protein, and genomic instability in hematopoietic stem cells associated with bcr-abl oncoprotein [20][21][22].…”