Effect of dietary chitosan on growth performance, haematology, immune response, intestine morphology, intestine microbiota and disease resistance in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

Abstract

A 75-day experiment was conducted with juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) (4.80 AE 0.01 g) to evaluate effects of dietary chitosan on fish growth performance, haematology, intestine morphology and immune response. Six isonitrogenous (crude protein: 383 g kg À1 ), isolipid (97.5 g kg À1 ) and isocaloric (gross energy: 16.7 kJ g À1 ) diets were formulated to contain 0, 1800, 4000, 7500, 10 000, 20 000 mg kg À1 chitosan, respectively. The results showed that the growth was depressed when the fish fed with 10 000 mg kg À1 chitosan. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein decreased in 10 000 and 20 000 mg kg À1 chitosan. On day 75, blood leucocyte phagocytic activity respiratory burst and alternative pathway of complement haemolytic activity were enhanced in 4000 mg kg À1 chitosan. The number of goblet cell, intraepithelial lymphocyte of mid-intestine and microvilli height of distal intestine increased at 4000 mg kg À1 dietary chitosan. Dietary chitosan modulated intestine microbiota, depressed pathogen bacteria Aeromonas veronii-like and improved Cellulomonas hominis-like, Bacillus oceanisediminis-like and two uncultured bacterium-like species on day 75. Dietary 7500 and 10 000 mg kg À1 chitosan enhanced the protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. In conclusion, oral administration of dietary 7500 mg kg À1 chitosan for 75 days is recommended for the survival of gibel carp.

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pre-pupae meal as a fish meal replacement in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

“…The profile of plasma metabolites observed herein were within reference values determined for European seabass (Chen et al, 2014;Shiau and Yu., 1999). Chitosan has been reported to interfere with cholesterol absorption by binding with lipid (cholesterol) micelles, inhibiting their absorption, and increasing bile acid excretion (Khoushab and Yamabhai, 2010).…”

Evaluation of dietary chitosan effects on growth performance, immunity, body composition and histopathology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as well as the resistance toStreptococcus agalactiaeinfection

“…Several reports have documented the immune stimulatory activity of chitin and/ or chitosan in fish, including rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Sakai, Kamiya, Ishii, Atsuta, & Kobayashi, 1992), gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. (Esteban, Cuesta, Ortuno, & Meseguer, 2001), common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Gopalakannan & Arul, 2006) and olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Cha, Lee, Song, Lee, & Jeon, 2008). Also, optimal dietary chitosan enhanced lipid metabolism and immune competence and protects from pathogen invasion of the gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, while low-dose dietary chitosan did not have an effect on the growth of fish and gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Chen et al, 2014). Dietary chitosan supplementation improved the growth performance and meat quality status of tilapia (Najafabad, Imanpoor, Taghizadeh, & Alishahi, 2016;Wang & Li, 2011).…”

Effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on farmed fish; a review

“…The results showed that dietary chitosan at a moderate concentrations (4 and 7.5 g kg −1 diet) is recommended for the best growth performance, haematology and intestine morphology of gibel carp (Chen et al . ). Geng et al .…”

“…In another study, six diets were formulated to contain 0, 1.8, 4, 7.5, 10 and 20 g chitosan kg À1 diet and then fed to juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). The results showed that dietary chitosan at a moderate concentrations (4 and 7.5 g kg À1 diet) is recommended for the best growth performance, haematology and intestine morphology of gibel carp (Chen et al 2014). Geng et al (2011) found that 6.0 g chitosan kg À1 diet in combination with 1.0 g Bacillus subtilis kg À1 diet was ideal for optimum growth of cobia (Rachycentron canadum).…”