Effect of Dietary Chitosan on Faecal Microbiota and Faecal Metabolites of Humans

Three cases are presented where modified chitins have been extensively administered to volunteers, as dressings for wounded soft and bone tissues, as anticholesterolemic dietary foods, and in the controlled delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. The interactions of the modified chitins with human enzymes is critically examined. In the context of drug carrier resorption and wound healing, chitooligomers and monomers, generated by lysozyme, N-acetylglucosaminidase and human chitinase, activate macrophages and stimulate fibroblasts, respectively; the effects are production of smooth, vascularized and physiologically normal tissues. In the dietary food area, lipase, amylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, glucokinase and the enzymes of prostaglandin synthesis are involved in the oral administration of chitosan: lipid adsorption is depressed mainly because of the physical form of the chitosan-lipid aggregates, which are unsuitable as substrates. When chitosan is used as a drug carrier, chitosan-drug complexes are present. The uniqueness of chitosan among polysaccharides is underlined in terms of susceptibility to enzymatic depolymerization, cationicity, supply of cell-activating oligomers, and supply of N-acetylglucosamine for rebuilding of other biopolymers. Advances in molecular recognition and biocompatibility are also presented.

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Human enzymatic activities related to the therapeutic administration of chitin derivatives

Müzzarelli¹

1997

CMLS, Cell. mol. life. sci.

486

242

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Influences of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and Cellobiose on the Composition and Metabolic Activity of Fecal Microbiota in Dogs given Boiled Chicken Head and Cow Milk

Fujisawa

Asanaga

Ito

et al. 2008

Bioscience Microflora

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Influences of viable or sterilized Lactobacillus and cellobiose on the fecal microbiota and fecal metabolites in dogs given boiled chicken head and cow milk were investigated. During the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk, the number of Enterobacteriaceae (p<0.05) and the fecal pH (p<0.05) increased significantly, and the frequency of occurrence of lecithinase-negative and lecithinase-positive clostridia tended to increase in all test groups. Furthermore, fecal concentrations of sulfide increased significantly (p<0.05) or tended to increase in all test groups. Although the numbers of lactobacilli did not decrease during the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk in the viable Lactobacillus and cellobiose intake group and sterilized Lactobacillus and cellobiose intake group, they decreased significantly (p<0.05) and bifidobacteria were not detected during the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk in the skim milk intake group. The fecal concentrations of short chain fatty acids (acetic, butyric and propionic acids) were not changed throughout the test period in any test group. Although clinical symptoms such as fecal hardness in dogs given Lactobacillus and cellobiose were not markedly different from those of the skim milk intake group, there were no dogs which excreted only abnormal (soft, muddy to diarrhea) feces in the viable Lactobacillus administration group on day 21. These findings indicate that administration of Lactobacillus and cellobiose offered more protection against fecal microbiota disorders during the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk than the administration of skim milk, and there is a possibility of alleviating clinical symptoms by the administration of Lactobacillus and cellobiose.

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Storage of intestinal bacteria in samples frozen with glycerol

Guérin-Danan¹,

Andrieux

Szylit³

1999

Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease

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Effect of Dietary Chitosan on Faecal Microbiota and Faecal Metabolites of Humans

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Human enzymatic activities related to the therapeutic administration of chitin derivatives

Human enzymatic activities related to the therapeutic administration of chitin derivatives

Influences of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and Cellobiose on the Composition and Metabolic Activity of Fecal Microbiota in Dogs given Boiled Chicken Head and Cow Milk

Storage of intestinal bacteria in samples frozen with glycerol

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