Effect of dietary choline on growth, intestinal enzyme activities and relative expressions of target of rapamycin and eIF4E-binding protein2 gene in muscle, hepatopancreas and intestine of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Dietary myo-inositol modulates immunity through antioxidant activity and the Nrf2 and E2F4/cyclin signalling factors in the head kidney and spleen following infection of juvenile fish with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…Interestingly, the present study observed that high levels of dietary MI (990.3 mg MI kg À1 diet) caused several effects compared with the optimal MI groups, including: (1) depression of some immunity such as the C3 content in the head kidneys, and the LA activities in the spleens of fish after challenge with A. hydrophila; (2) disruption of the antioxidant system, leading to oxidative damage: increases in the ROS contents and lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and decreases in antioxidant ability (the CuZnSOD, CAT, GPx and GR activities and reduced GSH content) in the head kidneys of the fish and decreases in the MnSOD, CAT, and GPx activities and reduced GSH contents in the spleens of fish; and (3) decreases in the mRNA levels of antioxidant-related factors (CuZnSOD, MnSOD, CAT, GPx1a, GR and Nrf2) and proliferation-associated signalling (cyclin D1, cyclin A, cyclin E and E2F4) in the head kidney, whereas only the cyclin D1 mRNA levels was decreased in the spleens of the fish. Although there has been a lack of investigation into the effects of MI on the immunity and structural integrity of the immune organs, our laboratory's previous study with choline also demonstrated that excessive choline resulted in negative effects in the head kidneys and spleens of the fish but did not affect the growth of juvenile Jian carp [16,77].…”

Dietary riboflavin deficiency decreases immunity and antioxidant capacity, and changes tight junction proteins and related signaling molecules mRNA expression in the gills of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…The procedures of total RNA isolation, reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR were similar to the present study in our laboratory [56]. Total RNA was isolated from the gills using RNAiso Plus (TaKaRa, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions followed by DNAse I treatment, and agarose gel (1%) electrophoresis and spectrophotometric (A260: 280 nm ratio) analysis were used to assess the RNA quality and quantity, according to Wu et al [56].…”

“…Total RNA was isolated from the gills using RNAiso Plus (TaKaRa, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions followed by DNAse I treatment, and agarose gel (1%) electrophoresis and spectrophotometric (A260: 280 nm ratio) analysis were used to assess the RNA quality and quantity, according to Wu et al [56]. Then, cDNA synthesis was performed using the PrimeScript™RT reagent Kit (TaKaRa Biotechnology (Dalian) Co., Ltd.) following the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Intestinal immune function, antioxidant status and tight junction proteins mRNA expression in young grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) fed riboflavin deficient diet

“…The procedures of total RNA isolation, reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR were similar to the present study in our laboratory [42]. Total RNA was isolated from the intestine using RNAiso Plus (TaKaRa, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions followed by DNAse I treatment, and agarose gel (1%) electrophoresis and spectrophotometric (A260: 280 nm ratio) analysis were used to assess the RNA quality and quantity, according to Wu et al [42].…”

“…Total RNA was isolated from the intestine using RNAiso Plus (TaKaRa, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions followed by DNAse I treatment, and agarose gel (1%) electrophoresis and spectrophotometric (A260: 280 nm ratio) analysis were used to assess the RNA quality and quantity, according to Wu et al [42]. Then, cDNA synthesis was performed using the PrimeScript™RT reagent Kit (TaKaRa Biotechnology (Dalian) Co., Ltd.) following the manufacturer's instructions.…”