Effect of dietary components on the gut microbiota of aquatic animals. A never‐ending story?

Abstract

It is well known that healthy gut microbiota is essential to promote host health and well‐being. The intestinal microbiota of endothermic animals as well as fish are classified as autochthonous or indigenous, when they are able to colonize the host's epithelial surface or are associated with the microvilli, or as allochthonous or transient (associated with digesta or are present in the lumen). Furthermore, the gut microbiota of aquatic animals is more fluidic than that of terrestrial vertebrates and is highly sensitive to dietary changes. In fish, it is demonstrated that [a] dietary form (live feeds or pelleted diets), [b] dietary lipid (lipid levels, lipid sources and polyunsaturated fatty acids), [c] protein sources (soybean meal, krill meal and other meal products), [d] functional glycomic ingredients (chitin and cellulose), [e] nutraceuticals (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and immunostimulants), [f] antibiotics, [g] dietary iron and [h] chromic oxide affect the gut microbiota. Furthermore, some information is available on bacterial colonization of the gut enterocyte surface as a result of dietary manipulation which indicates that changes in indigenous microbial populations may have repercussion on secondary host–microbe interactions. The effect of dietary components on the gut microbiota is important to investigate, as the gastrointestinal tract has been suggested as one of the major routes of infection in fish. Possible interactions between dietary components and the protective microbiota colonizing the digestive tract are discussed.

The variation profile of intestinal microbiota in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) during feeding habit transition

“…Previous studies also support the key roles of feeding habit in determining the intestinal microbiota of young and adult fish [17, 59]. Thus, the composition of gut microbiota is closely related to fish feeding habit in all the developmental stages since the fish starts to consume the aliments from environment [2, 11]. Interestingly, we observed a high similarity in the compositions of gut microbiota at stages ZS3 and TS1 (Fig.…”

Tench (Tinca tinca) high-throughput transcriptomics reveal feed dependent gut profiles

“…In order to show the whole picture of changes induced by the PBM diets, further work, especially the histological examination of the tench intestine, is required. One of the interesting tasks to accomplish is to define whether and to what extent various dietary supplements influence the population level and the composition of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of tench, as numerous studies have shown for other species (Ringø et al, 2016;Sui et al, 2016). The results of the present study complement the results of previous studies investigating the effects of the PBM diet on numerous features in tench.…”

Analysis of the Gut Microbiome of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus L. Fed Diets Supplemented with Previda® and Saponin

“…However, other studies have shown that Firmicutes account for >90% of the gut microbiota in Nile tilapia (Standen et al, 2015). Discrepancies in microbiota composition can be due to how the animals were raised and fed, the analysis of autochthonous versus allochthonous bacterial communities, the methodology used for DNA extraction, and sequencing platform and pipeline data analysis (Ringo et al, 2015, Larsen et al, 2014b.…”