Effect of dietary eugenol on xenobiotic metabolism and mediation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in rat liver

Abstract

Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) play an important role in the elimination and detoxification of xenobiotics and drugs. A variety of natural dietary agents are known to protect against cancer by inducing XME. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of XME induction, we examined the effect of dietary eugenol (4-allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene) on xenobiotic metabolism. In this study, rats were administered dietary eugenol for 4 weeks to investigate the various effects of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression. In rats administered dietary eugenol, expression levels of hepatic CYP1A 1 were reduced to 40% than of the controls, while expression of hepatic UGT1A6, UGT1A7 and UGT2B1 increased to 2-3 times than observed in the controls. Hepatic protein levels of UGT1A6 and 2B1 were also elevated in the eugenol-treated rats. These results suggest that the natural compound eugenol improves the xenobiotic-metabolizing systems that suppress and induce the expression of CYP1A1 and UGT, respectively.

Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. Bark in Experimental Breast Carcinoma: Mechanistic In Vivo and In Vitro Analyses

“…The results of this and our previous preclinical rodent model studies confirmed our scientific assumption that the significant anticancer effect of whole plant functional foods is based more on a combination of several phytochemicals than on isolated molecules [2][3][4][5][6][7]39,40]. Numerous papers describe that dominant metabolites found in our EOC (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, linalool, eucalyptol, limonene) are absorbed via rat GIT and are consequently significantly effective in the organism [41][42][43][44][45]. There is no reason to doubt that dominant metabolites from EOC were present in rat plasma after eating cinnamon in this study.…”

Spices for Prevention and Treatment of Cancers

“…Moreover, clove may represent a novel therapeutic herb for the treatment of colorectal cancer, and oleanolic acid was one of the components in ethyl acetate extract of cloves responsible for its antitumor activity [231]. Similarly, eugenol also contributed to treatment against liver cancer [232]. …”

Effect of eugenol on cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 activity in human liver microsomes

“…Essential oils extracted from cloves contain eugenol as their primary component. In spite of eugenol's increasing medicinal use, there are few studies investigating its interactions with CYP enzymes ( Gardner et al, 1997 , Iwano et al, 2014 ).…”