Effect of Dietary Glutamine Supplement on Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Weaned Pigs

Lee, Der-Nan; Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang; Wu, Fu-Yu; Sato, Hiroyuki; Shinzato, I.; Chen, Shih-Ping; Yen, Houng-Ta

doi:10.5713/ajas.2003.1770

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the present study, there was no significant effect of 1% dietary glutamine in improving growth performance of the weaned pigs. This result is consistent with that of Lee et al (2003). However, Wu et al (1996) found that the dietary supplementation of glutamine (1%) improved the gain:feed ratio of weaned pigs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Glutamine is known to be an abundant amino acid in both physiological fluids and proteins and a key regulator of gene expression (Wu et al, 2011). Dietary Gln had no effect on the concentration of Gln in the plasma on day 14 of postweaning piglets (Lee et al, 2003;Zhou et al, 2006). Yoo et al (1997) reported that the concentration of Gln in the plasma was not affected by the addition of 4% Gln in diets of pigs weaned at 21 days of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, glutamine plays an important role in the gut development and growth of piglets and is considered a conditionally essential amino acid in pigs under stressful conditions. Lee et al (2003) reported that the villus height and the villus height:crypt depth ratio in the duodenum were increased by the dietary supplementation of glutamine. However, in the current study, the 1% glutamine supplementation had no significant influence on the intestinal mucosa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Dietary supplementation of arginine and glutamine enhances the growth and intestinal mucosa development of weaned piglets

Shan

et al. 2012

Livestock Science

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Dietary supplementation of arginine and glutamine enhances the growth and intestinal mucosa development of weaned piglets

Shan

et al. 2012

Livestock Science

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“…Glutamine (Wu et al, 1995) and glutamate (Reeds et al, 2000) are important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells. Notwithstanding the stresses of weaning, these AA were able to maintain the high turnover of the gut mucosa, as indicated by longer villi in pigs supplemented with glutamine (Ayonrinde et al, 1995;Liu et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2003;Domeneghini et al, 2004 and or glutamate (Liu et al, 2002). For glutamine, this was determined by a decrease in the apoptotic to mitotic mucosal cell ratio (Domeneghini et al, 2004 and.…”

Section: Specific Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of bioactive substances on the gastrointestinal tract and performance of weaned piglets: a review

Lallès

Bosi

Janczyk

et al. 2009

Animal

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The EU ban on in-feed antibiotics has stimulated research on weaning diets as a way of reducing post-weaning gut disorders and growth check in pigs. Many bioactive components have been investigated but only few have shown to be effective. Amongst these, organic acids (OA) have been shown to exert a bactericidal action mediated by non-dissociated OA, by lowering gastric pH, increasing gut and pancreas enzyme secretion and improving gut wall morphology. It has been postulated that they may also enhance non-specific immune responses and improve disease resistance. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to the impact of OA on the stomach but recent data show they can differently affect gastric histology, acid secretion and gastric emptying. Butyrate and precursors of butyric acid have received special attention and although promising results have been obtained, their effects are dependent upon the dose, treatment duration, initial age of piglets, gastrointestinal site and other factors. The amino acids (AA) like glutamine, tryptophan and arginine are supportive in improving digestion, absorption and retention of nutrients by affecting tissue anabolism, stress and (or) immunity. Glutamine, cysteine and threonine are important for maintaining mucin and permeability of intestinal barrier function. Spray-dried plasma (SDP) positively affects gut morphology, inflammation and reduces acquired specific immune responses via specific and a-specific influences of immunoglobulins and other bioactive components. Effects are more pronounced in early-weaned piglets and under poorer health conditions. Little interaction between plasma protein and antibiotics has been found, suggesting distinct modes of action and additive effects. Bovine colostrum may act more or less similarly to SDP. The composition of essential oils is highly variable, depending on environmental and climatic conditions and distillation methods. These oils differ widely in their antimicrobial activity in vitro and some components of weaning diets may decrease their activity. Results in young pigs are highly variable depending upon the product and doses used. These studies suggest that relatively high concentrations of essential oils are needed for beneficial effects to be observed and it has been assumed that these plant extracts mimic most of the effects of antibiotics active on gut physiology, microbiology and immunology. Often, bioactive substances protective to the gut also stimulate feed intake and growth performance. New insights on the effects of selected OA and AA, protein sources (especially SDP, bovine colostrum) and plant extracts with anti-bacterial activities on the gut are reported in this review.

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“…Wu, Meier y Knabe, 1996;Lee y col., 2003;Domeneghini y col., 2004;Zhou y col., 2006;Zou y col., 2006;Abreu y col., 2010;Hsu y col., 2010;Shan y col., 2012;Xiao y col., 2012;Wang y col., 2014;He y col., 2016;Duttlinger y col.…”

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Meta-análisis del efecto de la inclusión alimenticia de glutamina sobre el desempeño productivo en lechones

Quisirumbay-Gaibor

2020

lgr

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ResumenLa glutamina no es considerada un aminoácido esencial; sin embargo, juega un rol importante en la salud y crecimiento de neonatos y adultos. En lechones el destete genera atrofia de las vellosidades intestinales y retraso en el crecimiento. Varios trabajos han demostrado que la suplementación de glutamina (0,2-2 %) disminuye los efectos adversos del estrés post-destete en lechones. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue evaluar el tamaño de efecto de la suplementación de glutamina sobre el rendimiento productivo de lechones, la consistencia de su efecto y la influencia de otros factores mediante el uso de meta-análisis. La administración de glutamina mejora la conversión alimenticia (p < 0, 001), y los lechones que reciben glutamina convierten mejor el alimento cuando la suplementación duró entre 7 a 14 días (p = 0, 0023), pues requieren 121,6 g menos de alimento en comparación con el grupo control para hacer 1 kg de peso vivo. Cuando la suplementación se realiza por un periodo de 15 a 30 días y 7 a 30 días, el ahorro de alimento es de 70,6 g (p < 0, 001) y 87,3 g (p < 0, 001) por kg de peso vivo respectivamente. La ganancia diaria de peso es superior en 20,3 g/día (p = 0, 0029) frente al grupo control entre los 7 a 30 días de suplementación y de 28,2 g/día (p = 0, 0002) entre los 15 a 30 días. La edad y peso del lechón al inicio de la suplementación, el nivel de lisina, la proteína cruda y el número de repeticiones por tratamiento influyen en el efecto de la glutamina sobre las variables evaluadas. AbstractGlutamine is not considered an essential amino acid; however, it plays an important role in the health and growth of neonates and adults. In piglets, weaning generates atrophy of the intestinal villi and growth retardation. Several studies have shown that glutamine supplementation (0.2-2 %) decreases the adverse effects of post-weaning stress in piglets. The aim of this article was to evaluate the effect size of glutamine supplementation on the productive performance of piglets, the consistency of their effect and the influence of other factors through the use of metaanalysis. The administration of glutamine improves the feed conversion (p <0.001), the piglets that receive glutamine convert the feed better when the supplementation lasted between 7 to 14 days (p =0.0023), since they require 121.6 g less of feed in comparison with the control group to make 1 kg of body weight. When the supplementation is done for a period of 15 to 30 days and 7 to 30 days, the saving of feed is 70.6 g (p <0.001) and 87.3 g (p <0.001) per kg of body weight, respectively. The daily weight gain is higher in 20.3 g/day (p = 0.0029) compared to the control group between 7 to 30 days of supplementation and 28.2 g/day (p = 0.0002) between 15 to 30 days. Age and weight of the piglet at the beginning of the supplementation, level of lysine, crude protein and the number of repetitions per treatment influence on the effect of glutamine on the variables evaluated.

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Effect of Dietary Glutamine Supplement on Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Weaned Pigs

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Dietary supplementation of arginine and glutamine enhances the growth and intestinal mucosa development of weaned piglets

Dietary supplementation of arginine and glutamine enhances the growth and intestinal mucosa development of weaned piglets

Impact of bioactive substances on the gastrointestinal tract and performance of weaned piglets: a review

Meta-análisis del efecto de la inclusión alimenticia de glutamina sobre el desempeño productivo en lechones

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