Effect of dietary HUFA on reproductive performance, tissue fatty acid profile and desaturase and elongase mRNAs in female swordtail Xiphophorus helleri

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

“…However the level of 20:4n-6 in the eggs did not change but 22:6n-3 was reduced. Linseed oil alone produced similar hatching as squid oil (Ling et al 2006). When Atlantic salmon were fed a fish oil based diet or a 1:1 mixture of fish oil : rapeseed oil for almost 1 year, no effect of diet was observed on rates of fertilization, hatching or survival to first feeding (Rennie et al 2005).…”

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“…Because arachidonic acid level in fish tissues is synthesized from linoleic acid by desaturase and elongase enzymes. Several studies have shown that freshwater species are capable of producing arachidonic acid from linoleic acid (Jonasson, 2008;Ling et al 2006;Sargent, Bell, McEvoy, Tocher & Estevez, 1999;Tocher, Bell, MacGlaughlin, McGhee & Dick, 2001). It was reported that replacement of fish oil by blends of vegetable oils (rapeseed, linseed and palm oils) was increased the percentege of linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in diet and in tissues of fish (Mourente and Bell, 2006;Mourente et al 2005), and linolenic acid increased especially with the increasing in addition of linseed oil in diet (Montero et al 2005).…”

“…In our study, ∆6 desaturase gene expression of muscle and liver tissues of fish fed with 33-67SO-LO diet rich in polyunsatureted fatty acids with C18 was higher than those fed with fish oil rich in long-chain highly unsatureted fatty acids, and elongase level of muscle tissue of fish fed 67-33SO-LO and 50-50SO-LO diets and of liver tissue of fish fed with 33-67SO-LO and 50-50SO-LO diets were higher than those fed with fish oil. In previous studies, it was determined that ∆6 desaturase gene expression of fish fed with vegetable oil diets was higher than those fed with fish oil diet (Zheng et al 2005;Ling et al 2006;Miller et al 2008;Pratoomyot et al 2008;Pratoomyot, 2010). It was also found that elongase gene expression of muscle tissue of Atlantic salmon fed with rapeseed oil in the freshwater and seawater was higher than those fed with fish oil (Codabaccus, 2011), and elongase gene expression of liver tissue of Atlantic salmon fed with linseed oil 100% instead of fish oil increased after trial for 20 weeks, but not influenced at the end of the trial (40 weeks) (Zheng et al 2004a).…”

Gelatinized and Non-Gelatinized Corn Starch Based Diet Influence the Fatty Acid Profile in the Liver of Tropical Freshwater Fish, Labeo ohita

“…Former is rich in n-6 fatty acid while latter contains more n-3 fatty acid. In spite less n-3 fatty acids contents of freshwater fish, in comparison to marine fish, some molecular approach has been initiated to enhance the n-3 fatty acids content, mainly by inserting desaturase gene into freshwater fishes [1,2]. But till date no promising result has been documented.…”

“…Nevertheless [5] has established the lipids and fatty acids profile of Indian major carps for both muscle and liver. Fatty acids profile of muscle in relation to dietary fatty acids has already been established [1], but its relation with other nutrients like carbohydrate has not been established especially in fish, which may be helpful for the nutritionist for their product quality improvement programme. Therefore, there is a immense need to understand the impact of cheap dietary nutrients like carbohydrate on muscle and liver lipid profile to uplift the nutritional value of fish, that too at low cost.…”